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Progressive Movement

A social and political movement aimed at addressing issues caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption.

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists who exposed societal issues and corruption through their writings.

Florence Kelley

A reformer and advocate for women’s and children’s labor rights and better working conditions.

Graft

The use of political influence for personal gain, often leading to corruption.

Coal Miners’ Strike 1902

A major strike by coal miners seeking better wages and conditions, resulting in federal intervention.

Elkins and Hepburn Act

Legislation aimed at regulating railroad rates and ending unfair practices.

Trust-Busting

The practice of breaking up monopolies and promoting competition, notably pursued by Presidents Roosevelt and Taft.

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Political reforms allowing citizens to propose laws (initiative), vote on laws (referendum), and remove officials (recall).

Social Gospel

A religious movement advocating for social justice and reform based on Christian ethics.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's influence through diplomacy or military force.

Land Acquired from SPAM War

Territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines were annexed following the Spanish-American War.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A naval officer whose writings emphasized the importance of naval power for national greatness.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized news reporting to influence public opinion, particularly before the Spanish-American War.

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

An agreement that allowed the U.S. to construct a canal through Central America without British interference.

Open Door Policy

U.S. policy advocating for equal trading rights in China for all nations.

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Treaty granting the U.S. control over the Panama Canal Zone in exchange for financial compensation.

Panama Canal

A crucial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, allowing quicker maritime trade.

Roosevelt Corollary

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. intervention in Latin America to maintain stability.

World War I

A global conflict from 1914-1918 involving major world powers, triggered by several interrelated causes.

4 Main Causes of WWI

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism were primary contributors to the outbreak of war.

Sinking of the Lusitania

The British ocean liner sunk by a German submarine in 1915, killing many Americans.

Reasons for U.S. Involvement

Factors such as German unrestricted submarine warfare, strong ties to Allies, and the Zimmermann Telegram prompted U.S. action.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Laws that limited freedom of speech and dissent during WWI.

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court case that upheld limits on free speech during wartime under the 'clear and present danger' standard.

AEF and John J. Pershing

The American Expeditionary Forces led by General John J. Pershing played a crucial role in the Allied victory.

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Government agency promoting U.S. involvement in WWI and encouraging public support through propaganda.

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

President Wilson's proposed framework for post-war peace emphasizing self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations.

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty ending WWI, which imposed reparations on Germany and established the League of Nations.

U.S. Senate and the Treaty of Versailles

The Senate ultimately rejected the Treaty of Versailles and the U.S. did not join the League of Nations.

Progressive Amendments

16th (income tax), 17th (direct election of senators), 18th (prohibition), 19th (women's suffrage).

Selective Service Act

Required men to register for the military draft during WWI.

Big Stick Policy

Roosevelt's approach to foreign diplomacy emphasizing military strength.

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's policy of promoting U.S. economic interests abroad.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Strengthened laws against monopolies and protected the rights of workers to strike and organize.

Settlement Houses

Provided services and education to the urban poor, helping with social reform.

Panama Canal

Facilitated quicker trade routes; key to U.S. naval strategy.

Platt Amendment

Restricted Cuba's sovereignty, allowing U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs.

Gentleman’s Agreement

Informal agreement limiting Japanese immigration in exchange for ending segregation.

Triple Entente and Triple Alliance

Alliances in WWI; Triple Entente (France, Britain, Russia) vs. Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy).

War on the Homefront

Mobilization efforts included rationing and the role of women and minorities.

Women & African-American role

Women took on more roles in the workforce and helped in wartime efforts.

Upton Sinclair – The Jungle

Exposed unsafe working conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Zimmermann Telegram

Secret communication that mobilized American public support for entering WWI.

Monroe Doctrine

Stated U.S. opposition to European colonialism in the Americas.

Open Door Policy

Advocated for equal trading rights in China among foreign nations.

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s outline for post-war peace and establishment of the League of Nations.