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46 Terms

1

Progressive Movement

A social and political movement aimed at addressing issues caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption.

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2

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists who exposed societal issues and corruption through their writings.

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3

Florence Kelley

A reformer and advocate for women’s and children’s labor rights and better working conditions.

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4

Graft

The use of political influence for personal gain, often leading to corruption.

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5

Coal Miners’ Strike 1902

A major strike by coal miners seeking better wages and conditions, resulting in federal intervention.

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6

Elkins and Hepburn Act

Legislation aimed at regulating railroad rates and ending unfair practices.

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7

Trust-Busting

The practice of breaking up monopolies and promoting competition, notably pursued by Presidents Roosevelt and Taft.

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8

Initiative, Referendum, Recall

Political reforms allowing citizens to propose laws (initiative), vote on laws (referendum), and remove officials (recall).

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9

Social Gospel

A religious movement advocating for social justice and reform based on Christian ethics.

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10

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's influence through diplomacy or military force.

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11

Land Acquired from SPAM War

Territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines were annexed following the Spanish-American War.

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12

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A naval officer whose writings emphasized the importance of naval power for national greatness.

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13

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized news reporting to influence public opinion, particularly before the Spanish-American War.

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14

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

An agreement that allowed the U.S. to construct a canal through Central America without British interference.

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15

Open Door Policy

U.S. policy advocating for equal trading rights in China for all nations.

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16

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Treaty granting the U.S. control over the Panama Canal Zone in exchange for financial compensation.

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17

Panama Canal

A crucial waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, allowing quicker maritime trade.

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18

Roosevelt Corollary

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting U.S. intervention in Latin America to maintain stability.

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19

World War I

A global conflict from 1914-1918 involving major world powers, triggered by several interrelated causes.

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20

4 Main Causes of WWI

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism were primary contributors to the outbreak of war.

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21

Sinking of the Lusitania

The British ocean liner sunk by a German submarine in 1915, killing many Americans.

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22

Reasons for U.S. Involvement

Factors such as German unrestricted submarine warfare, strong ties to Allies, and the Zimmermann Telegram prompted U.S. action.

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23

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Laws that limited freedom of speech and dissent during WWI.

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24

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court case that upheld limits on free speech during wartime under the 'clear and present danger' standard.

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25

AEF and John J. Pershing

The American Expeditionary Forces led by General John J. Pershing played a crucial role in the Allied victory.

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26

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Government agency promoting U.S. involvement in WWI and encouraging public support through propaganda.

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27

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

President Wilson's proposed framework for post-war peace emphasizing self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations.

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28

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty ending WWI, which imposed reparations on Germany and established the League of Nations.

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29

U.S. Senate and the Treaty of Versailles

The Senate ultimately rejected the Treaty of Versailles and the U.S. did not join the League of Nations.

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30

Progressive Amendments

16th (income tax), 17th (direct election of senators), 18th (prohibition), 19th (women's suffrage).

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31

Selective Service Act

Required men to register for the military draft during WWI.

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32

Big Stick Policy

Roosevelt's approach to foreign diplomacy emphasizing military strength.

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33

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's policy of promoting U.S. economic interests abroad.

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34

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Strengthened laws against monopolies and protected the rights of workers to strike and organize.

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35

Settlement Houses

Provided services and education to the urban poor, helping with social reform.

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36

Panama Canal

Facilitated quicker trade routes; key to U.S. naval strategy.

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37

Platt Amendment

Restricted Cuba's sovereignty, allowing U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs.

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38

Gentleman’s Agreement

Informal agreement limiting Japanese immigration in exchange for ending segregation.

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39

Triple Entente and Triple Alliance

Alliances in WWI; Triple Entente (France, Britain, Russia) vs. Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy).

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40

War on the Homefront

Mobilization efforts included rationing and the role of women and minorities.

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41

Women & African-American role

Women took on more roles in the workforce and helped in wartime efforts.

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42

Upton Sinclair – The Jungle

Exposed unsafe working conditions in the meatpacking industry.

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43

Zimmermann Telegram

Secret communication that mobilized American public support for entering WWI.

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44

Monroe Doctrine

Stated U.S. opposition to European colonialism in the Americas.

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45

Open Door Policy

Advocated for equal trading rights in China among foreign nations.

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46

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s outline for post-war peace and establishment of the League of Nations.

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