foundational documents

description of all the foundational documents required in ap gov

declaration of independence (1776)

outlines the grievances against the Britain and assets natural rights philosophy

• natural rights (life, liberty and pursuit of happiness)

• social contract

• right to revolution

• exam uses → justifies self-government; ties to popular sovereignty.

articles of confederation

the first government structure, emphasizing state sovereignty.

• weak national government, strong state power

• highlights → the need for stronger central authority.

constitution for united states

framework of the federal government; separation of powers; checks and balances

federalist no.10 (madison)

• factions are inevitable but large republic controls them.

• supports representative democracy, pluralism

brutus no.10 (anti-federalist)

• large republic is dangerous; government will abuse power.

• counter to fed 10

federalist no.51 (madison)

• separation of powers + checks and balances prevent tyranny.

• supports the institutional design of U.S. government

federalist no. 70 (hamilton)

• strong single executive is necessary for accountability and energy.

• justifies presidency as structured in constitution.

letter from birmingham jail (MLK Jr.)

• nonviolent resistance

• moral obligation to fight unjust laws

• exam use → civil rights, 14th amendment equal protection, social movements