1.4 nutritional and dietary requirements

why do recommended nutrient intakes vary between countries?

different countries use different systems based on population needs and health data- the UK uses Dietary Reference Values (DRV), the USA uses Dietary Reference Intake (RDI), Hong Kong uses Reference Values

what are Dietary Reference Values (DRV) in the UK?

guidelines for energy and nutrient intake based on age, gender and activity level

what are Dietary Reference Intake (RDI) values in the USA?

recommended daily intake levels for nutrients to prevent deficiencies and promote health

what are Reference Values in Hong Kong?

nutritional guidelines tailored to local dietary patterns and health priorities

what are the functions of water in the diet?

regulates body temperature, transports nutrients, removes waste, supports digestion and cell function

what factors impact hydration levels?

climate, physical activity, illness, caffeine and alcohol intake, age

what is energy balance?

the relationship between calories consumed and calories used by the body

what affects calorie input?

diet, portion size, frequency of meals

what affects calorie output?

basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermic effect of food

why is energy balance important?

maintains healthy weight, supports growth and development, prevents obesity and malnutrition

what are dietary needs of young children?

high energy and nutrient-dense foods, iron and calcium for growth, small frequent meals

what are dietary needs of teenagers?

increased energy and protein, calcium and vitamin D for bone development, iron for menstruating girls

what are dietary needs of pregnant women?

extra energy and protein, folic acid to prevent neural tube defects, iron to support increased blood volume

what are dietary needs of lactating women?

higher energy and fluid intake, calcium and vitamin A for milk production

how do dietary needs vary by occupation?

active jobs require more energy and carbohydrates, sedentary jobs need balanced intake to avoid excess calories

how do dietary needs change with age?

older adults need fewer calories, more fibre and calcium, vitamin D to support bone health

what is statutory food labelling?

mandatory information on packaging to help consumers understand nutritional content

what must be included on food labels?

energy value- macronutrient breakdown- vitamins and minerals- ingredients and allergens

how does food labelling help consumers?

allows comparison of products, supports informed choices, helps manage dietary needs

why does advertising require interpretation?

may exaggerate health claims, use misleading language, focus on trends over facts

how can consumers interpret labels effectively?

check serving size, read ingredient list, compare nutrient values, look for official guidelines