Sensory processes exam 3

Cue approach to depth perception

focuses on information in the retinal image that is correlated with depth in the scene, such as occlusion

convergence

foveate on nearby objects, involves an inward movement of the eyes through ciliary muscles tightening lens

accommodation

foveate on faraway objects, involves an outward movement of the eyes through ciliary muscles relaxing the lens

monocular cues

come from one eye

pictorial cues

receive sources of depth information that come from 2D images, such as pictures

occulsion

one object partially covers another

relative height

objects below the horizon that are higher in the field of vision are more distant

relative size

when objects are equal size, the closer one will take up more of your visual field

perspective convergence

parallel lines appear to come together in the distance

familiar size

distance information is based on our knowledge of object size

atmospheric perspective

distance objects are fuzzy and have a blue tint

texture gradient

equally spaced elements are more closely packed as distance increases

shadows

indicate where objects are located and enhance their three-dimensionality

motion parallax

close objects in direction of movement glide past rapidly, but objects in the distance appear to move slowly

stereoscopic depth perception

depth perception created by input from both eyes

deletion

the covering of an object as you move relative to it

accretion

the uncovering of an object as we move relative to it

binocular disparity

the difference in images perceived from two eyes that can be described by examining corresponding points on the two retinas

how are 3D movies made

side by side cameras that record slightly different views and projected onto the same 2D surface. 3D glasses separate images so each eye sees its own image

the horopter

imaginary curve passing through the point of focus; objects on this fall on corresponding points on the two retinas

objects not on the horopter

fall on noncorresponding points, creating disparate images

absolute disparity

the angle between two noncorresponding points. also indicated how far an object is from the horopter

stereopsis

depth information provided by binocular disparity

random dot stereogram

two identical patterns with one shifted in position

binocular depth cells

disparity selective cells are neurons that respond best to binocular disparity