2.13 Cell Organ Systems

Plant Galls

Abnormal growth caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses. Galls are similar to tumors in animals, but don’t usually spread to other plant tissues

Root System

Consists of all the roots that lie below the ground. It takes in water and minerals from the soil and is constantly growing.

Shoot System

Supports the plant, performs photosynthesis, and transports water, nutrients, and sugar

How do roots help move water into a plant?

Tiny root hair extensions increase surface area for absorption. Nutrients and water are transported into the roots by osmosis.

Root Pressure

As root cells bring minerals into the xylem, water flows in because of osmosis. This builds pressure, pushing water up the plant.

Transpiration Pull

Water evaporates from leaves and is replaced by water coming up the xylem. Water molecules are cohesive and adhesive