ALIPHATIC ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

alkane ———→ halogenoalkane

• Br2

• UV light

haloganoalkane———> primary amine

• nucleohpilic subsitiution

• heat

• ammonia

halogenoalkane——→ nitril

• nucleophilic substitution

• KCN

• ethanol

• reflux

halogenoalkane——> alcohol

• nuclephilic substitution

• warm NaOH

• reflux

halogenolalkane——→ alkene

• elimination

• KOH

• ethanol

• reflux

haloganoalkane——> secondary, tertiary amine/ quaternary ammonium salts

• ammonia

• heat

alkene———> dibromoalkane

• electrophilic addition

• Br2

• room temp

alkene ———> haloganoalkane

• electrophilic addition

• HBr

• Room temp

alkene ——> alcohol

• electrophilic sibstiution

• H3PO4 + STEAM

• OR H2SO4 + H20

alcohol———> alekene

• elimination of water

• H2SO4

• reflux

alcohol——→ aldehyde/ketone

• K2Cr207

• H2S04

• heat and distill

alcohol ——→carboxylic acid

• K2Cr207

• H2S04

• heat, reflux

nitrile——> primary amine

• LiAlH4

• dilute H2SO4

aldehyde/ketone——> carboxylic acid

• K2Cr2O7

• H2SO4

• reflux

aldehyde/ketone——→hydroxynitrile

• nucleophilic addition

• KCN

• H2SO4

• room temp

carboxylic acid——→ ester

• esterification

• alcohol

• heat

• H2SO4

ester———> carboxylic acid

• H2SO4

• acid hydrolysis= H20 + reflux

• base hydrolysis= Dilute NaOH+ reflux

acyl chlorid/ acid anhydride——> ester

• acylation (nucleophilic addition- elimiation)

• alcohol

• room temp

acyl chloride/ acid anhydride———> primary amide

• NH3

• room temp

acyl chloride/ acid anyhride——→ N subsituted amide

• amine

• room temp