FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTE

Hypertonic

type of fluid that enters vessel from the cell, it makes the cells shrink

Hypertonic

5% dextrose in 0.9% saline (D5NS) is under what kind of fluid

Hypertonic

5% dextrose in 0.45% saline is what kind of fluid?

Hypertonic

0.5% dextrose in LR

• cerebral edema

• low levels of sodiun

• metabolic alkalosis

• maintenance fluid

• hypovolemia

when will you use hypertonic solutions, in cases of?

ISOTONIC

it is the type of fluid that stays where I put it

isotonic

it expands the intravascular fluids volume and replaced the fluid loss associated with problems

isotonic

LR is what kind of fluidi

isotonic

0.9% saline (NS) is used with blood products, what type of fluid is this?

isotonic

Ringer’s Lactate is what type of fluid?

• burns

• hemorrhage

• surgery

• dehydration cause by vomiting and diarrhea

• fluid maintenance

isotonic is used for what problems?

Hypotonic

it is the type of fluid that go out of the vessel and into the cell

Hypotonic

what type of fluid is 0.45% NS?

isotonic

what type of fluid is 2.5% Dextrose?

isotonic

what type of fluid is 0.33% NS?

hypotonic

In DKA, there is so much glucose in the cells they need water, what type of fluid will be used?

hypotonic

in intracellular dehydration caused by DKA what type of fluid will be used?

hypotonic

This fluid should be never given to clients with burns or liver disease?

hypotonic

It helps the kidney excrete excess fluid

crystalloids

these are salts that dissolve readily into true solutions

colloids

this is the substance such as large protein molecules

osmolality

it is determined by the total solute concentration within a fluid compartment and is measured as parts of solute per kilogram of water

osmotic pressure

it is the power of a solution to pull water across a semipermeable membrane.

true

the solution with higher solute concentration exerts higher osmotic pressure, pulling the water across the membrane to equalize the concentrations of the solutions

diffusion

it is the move of molecules from a solution of higher concentration to a solution of lower concentration

osmosis

it is the movement of water from less concentrated to a more concentrated solution (water follows where sodum goes)

hydrostatic pressure

it is the pressure exerted by the blood to the wall of vessels to maintain a closed system on the walls of the container to maintain the vascular volume

1500 ml per day additional 1000 is acquired from foods

average fluid intake of adult with normal activity at moderate temp

hypothalamus

thrst center is located at the?

• angiotensin

• body fluids

• vascular volume

what are the some stimuli that triggers the hypothalamus for the body to become thirst

insensible losses

it is fluid lost through the skin as perspiration and through the lungs as water vapor in expired air, it is called _______ d/t the lost is not usually noticeable and cannot be measured.

obligartory losses

it is the losses that are required to maintain normal body function, water lost thru respirations, the skin, in feces, and in metabolic excretions.

true

t or f. the serum osmolality decreases as the water dilutes the body fluids d/t ADH or vasopressin

SODIUM

this electrolyte function as regukator of ECF volume and distribution as well as:

• maintaining blood volume

• and TRANSMITTING NERVE IMPULSES AND CONTRACTING MUSCLES

Aldosterone

what hormone increases the potassium excretion

POTASSIUM

this electrolyte is responsible for maintaining the ICF osmolality:

• Transmitting nerve and other electrical impulses

• REGULATING CARDIAC IMPULSE TRANSMISSION AND MUSCLE CONTRACTION

• skeletal and smooth muscle function

  • Regulating acid base balance

Calcium

This electrolyte is responsible for:

• Forming bone and teeth

• transmitting nerve impulses

• regulaing muscle contraction

• for BLOOD CLOTTING

• MAINTAINING CARDIAC PACEMAKER (AUTOMATICITY)

Magnesium

This is responsible for operating SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP:

• relaxing muscle contraction

Magnesium

This is regulated by the intestinal absorption increased by VIT D and parathyroid hormone

Chloride

most likely like sodium for, this responsible for the following:

• HCL production

• regulating ECF and vascular volume

• BUFFER IN OXYGEN-CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE IN RBCs

Phosphate

this electrolyte has a reciprocal relation with calcium, with responsibilities of:

• METABOLIZING CARBS, PROTEIN, AND FAT

• CELLULAR METABOLISM; producing ATP AND DNA

• muscle, nerve, and RBC function

• regulating calcium levels

BICARBONATE

regeneration of this electrolyte is made by kidneys. MAJOR BIDY BUFFER INVOLVE IN ACID-BASE REGULATION

• Spinach

• cantaloupe

• avocado

• apricot

• raisins and dates

• veal

• Orange juive

• apricot nectar

List down foods that high in potassium

potassium

major cation in ICF, with only small amount found in the ECF

potassium

this electrolyte must be ingested daily because body can’t conserve it

calcitonin and calcitriol (metabolite of vit d)

ECF calcium is regulated by interaction of parathyroid hormone which is _______

• parathyroid hormone and calcitriol cause calcium to be released from bone into ECF and increase teh absorption of calcium in the intestines.

when calcium level in the ECF falls what will happen?

Lack of weight-bearing exercises (helps calcium stay in the bone) and vit D deficiency

With increasing age, the intestines absorb calcium less effectively, and more calcium is excreted by the kidneys. Calcium shifts out of the bone to replace these ECF losses, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures of the wrists, vertebrae, and hips. where these increases the risk _____

magnesium

found primarily in the skeleton and ICF and is important for production and use of ATP

• cereal grains

• nuts

• dried fruit

• legumes

• green leafy vegetables

• dairy products

• meat

• fish

foods that are good source of magnesium

phosphate

it is the majjor anion of ICF also found in ECF, bone, skeletal muscle, and nerve tissue, which is much higher in children than in adult, accounts for their growth

• meat

• fish

• poultry

• milk products

• legumes

foods where phosphate is found

Third space syndrome

Fluid may be sequestered in the bowel, in injured tissue (e.g., severe burns), or in potential spaces such as the peritoneal or pleural cavities. This fluid shifts from the vascular space into an area where it is not readily accessible as extracellular fluid

1+

what is the grade of 2 mm depression in a suspected person with edema

2+

Grade for 2-4 mm edema

5-7 mm

how deep is the grade 3+ edema

more than 7 mm

how deep is 4+ edema?