Hematology and Endocrine Disorders Overview

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to hematological and endocrine disorders, designed to assist in studying for the upcoming exam.

Sickle Cell Disease

A genetic disorder that causes distorted (sickled) red blood cells, leading to blocked blood flow and associated pain crises.

Hydration

The process of supplying water to the body, critical for sickle cell crisis management as it helps decrease blood viscosity.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A condition characterized by low hemoglobin, low ferritin, and symptoms like fatigue and pallor due to inadequate iron.

Pica

An unusual craving for non-food items, such as ice, which can indicate iron deficiency anemia.

Polycethemia Vera

A blood disorder characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells, leading to increased blood viscosity and a risk of thrombosis.

Neutropenia

A condition marked by an abnormally low count of neutrophils, increasing the risk of infections.

Thrombocytopenia

A condition characterized by low platelet counts, increasing the risk of bleeding and bruising.

Blood Transfusion Reaction

A potentially dangerous response to a blood transfusion, indicated by fever, chills, and dark urine.

Hypothyroidism

A condition resulting from low levels of thyroid hormones, marked by symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.

Hyperparathyroidism

A condition characterized by excessive production of parathyroid hormone, leading to elevated calcium levels.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

An autoimmune condition causing total insulin deficiency, requiring lifelong insulin therapy.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

A metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, often managed with lifestyle changes and oral medications.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A serious complication of diabetes caused by lack of insulin, leading to high blood glucose and ketone formation.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A sudden decrease in kidney function that is often reversible, caused by various insults like dehydration or nephrotoxic drugs.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

A progressive, irreversible decline in kidney function, leading to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances.

Hemodialysis

A medical procedure used to filter waste from the blood when the kidneys can no longer perform this function.

Thyroid Storm

A life-threatening condition resulting from extreme hyperthyroidism, characterized by severe tachycardia and hyperpyrexia.

SIADH

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion, leading to water retention and low sodium levels.

Chemotherapy Risks

Treatment side effects that include low white blood cell counts (risk of infection) and low platelet counts (risk of bleeding).