ART HISTORY I - Terms (PART 1)

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CHAPTERs - 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 & 10

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31 Terms

1
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Paleolithic
A period in human history that is distinguished by the original stone tools
2
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Neolithic
A period of human history in which polished stone implements prevailed and persisted until the use of bronze mental implements
3
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radiocarbon dating
A scientific method of determining the age of an object, based on the presence of the carbon-14 in organic material
4
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megalithic
A large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument
5
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post and lintel
A form of construction in which two upright posts support a horizontal beam
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adobe
Made of sun dried clay, usually combined with organic materials
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register
A horizontal section of a work, usually a clearly defined band or line
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cuneiform
A logo syllabic script that was used to write several languages
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votive
An image or object created as a devotional offering to a deity
10
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hierarchy of scale
A technique that is sometimes used in visual arts, in which figures in art are scaled in proportion to their perceived significance
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stele
A carved stone slab that is placed upright and often features commemorative imagery and or inscriptions
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ziggurat
A stepped pyramid or tower-like structure in a Mesopotamian temple complex
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hieroglyph
A type of written script that uses conventionalized signs to represent concepts, sounds, or words
14
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necropolis
A large cemetery, Greek for city of the dead
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mastaba
A massive, flat topped rectangular tomb building with slanted side walls, built of either mud brick or cut stone
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ka
Statues intended to provide a resting place of the person after death
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serdab
A narrow chamber either concealed or accessible only by narrow passage which contains a statue of the deceased
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step pyramid
A monumental stone pyramid built using stacked platforms or steps
19
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lamassu
A celestial being bearing a human head, bull's body, sometimes with the horns and the ears of a bull, and wings
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sarcophagus
A container for human remains
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sunken relief
Carving that is sunken into an area and does not project above the surface
22
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obelisk
A rectangular stone pillar with a pyramid top, usually a landmark or a monument to a person or event
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Book of the dead
Ancient text generally written on paprys about how to get into the afterlife
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material culture
The materials, objects, and technologies that accompany everyday life
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zoomorphic
Having an animal like form
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fang ding
Ancient rectangular cauldrons standing on four legs and with two facing handles
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taotie
The name given to the composite animal mask frequently found on bronzes
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corbeled roof
A roof made of stone slabs that progressively overlap to create a dome, topped with a capstone
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shaft grave
A type of deep rectangular burial structure, containing a floor of pebbles, walls of rubble masonry
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tholos
A round, vaulted building, often a tomb, shaped like a beehive
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fresco
A wall or ceiling painting on wet plaster, wet pigment merges with the plaster, and once hardened the painting becomes an integral part of the wall