Upper limb muscles (origin, insertion, action)

Deltoid

O: Clavicle, acromion process, spine of the scapula

I: Deltoid tuberosity on shaft of the humerus

A: Arm abduction @ shoulders (medial fibers); arm flexion, medial rotation @ shoulders (anterior fibers); arm extension, lateral rotation @ shoulder (posterior fibers)

In: Axillary nerve

Pectoralis major

O: Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1-6

I: Intertubercular groove of humerus

A: Arm adduction, medial rotation @ shoulder, arm flexion @ shoulder (clavicular fibers, when arm extended)

In: Pectacral nerve

Latissimus dorsi

O: Spinous processes of vertebra T6-sacrum, iliac crest

I: Intertubercular groove of humerus

A: Arm extension, adduction, medial rotation @ shoulder

In: Thoracodorsal nerve

Coracobrachialis

O: Coracoid process of scapula

I: Medial, midshaft of humerus

A: Arm flexion, adduction @ shoulder

In: Mussculocutaneus nerve

Teres major

O: Inferior angle of scapula

I: Intertubercular groove of humerus

A: Arm adduction, medial rotation, extension @ shoulder

In: Subscapular nerve

Supraspinatus

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: Greater tubercle of humerus

A: Arm abduction @ shoulder

In: Suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus

O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: Greater tubercle of humerus

A: Arm lateral rotation @ shoulder

In: Suprascapular nerve

Teres minor

O: Posterior, lateral scapula

I: Greater tubercle of humerus

A: Arm lateral rotation @ shoulder

In: Axillary nerve

Subscapularis

O: Subscapular fossa of scapula

I: Lesser tubercle of humerus

A: Arm medial rotation @ shoulder

In: Supcapular nerve

Biceps brachii

O: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), coracoid process of scapula (short head)

I: Radial tuberosity of radius

A: Forearm flexion @ elbow, arm flexion @ shoulder (long head), forearm/hand supination @ radioulnar joints

In: Musclocutaneus nerve

Brachialis

O: Anterior surface of the humerus

I: Coronoid process of ulna

A: Forearm flexion @ elbow

In: Musculoculocutameous and radial nerve

Brachioradialis

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: Styloid process of radius

A: Forearm flexion @ elbow

In: Radial Nerve

Triceps brachii

O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), posterior shaft of humerus (lateral & medial heads)

I: Olecranon of ulna

A: Arm extension @ shoulder (long), forearm extension @ elbow

In: Olecranon process

Pronator teres

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), coronoid process of ulna

I: Lateral surface of midshaft of radius

A: Forearm/hand pronation @ radioulnar joint

In: Median nerve

Pronator quadratus

O: Distal ulna

I: Distal radius

A: Forearm/hand pronation @ radioulnar joint

In: Median nerve

Flexor carpi ulnaris

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), proximal posterior ulna

I: Pisiform, hamate, and 5th metacarpal

A: Hand flexion @ wrist, hand adduction @ wrist (ulnar deviation)

In: Ulnar nerve

Flexor carpi radialis

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

I: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

A: Hand flexion, abduction @ wrist (radial deviation)

In: Median nerve

Flexor digitorum superficialis

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), coronoid process of ulna, radial shaft

I: Middle phalanx of each 2-5

A: Finger flexion @ interphalangeal joints, aids in hand flexion @ wrist

In: Median nerve

Flexor digitorum profundus

O: Proximal ulna, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane

I: Distal phalanx of 2-5

A: Finger flexion @ interphalangeal joints, aids in hand flexion @ wrist

In: Median and ulnar nerves

Palmaris longus

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

I: Palmer aponeurosis

A: Hand flexion, adduction @ wrist (ulnar deviation)

In: Median nerve

Extensor carpi ulnaris

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon), proximal posterior ulna

I: 5th metacarpal

A: Hand extension, adduction @ wrist (ulnar deviation)

In: Radial nerve

Extensor digitorum

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)

I: Phalanges of each of 2-5 fingers

A: Finger extension @ interphalangeal joints, hand extension @ wrist

In: radial nerve

Extensor carpi radialis longus

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge

I: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

A: Hand extension, abduction @ wrist (radial deviation)

In: Radial nerve

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)

I: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

A: Hand extension, abduction @ wrist (radial deviation)

In: Radial nerve

Pectoralis minor

O: Ribs 3-5

I: Sulcus of humeus

A: Shoulder flexion (up to 90 degrees) & ADDuction medial rotation

In: Pectoral nerve

Anconeus

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: Olecranon process

A: Elbow extension

In: radial nerve

Flexor pollicis longus

O: Radius and interosseous membrane

I: Distal phalanx of digit 1

A: Fleces thumb at MCP and IP joints

In: Median nerve

Extensor pollicis longus

O: Posterior ulna and interosseous membrane

I: Distal phalanx of digit 1

A: Extends MCP and IP of digit 1, ADDucts and laterally rotates the thumb

In: Radial nerve

Extensor pollicis brevis

O: Shaft of radius and interosseous membrane

I: Proximal phalanx of digit 1

A: Extends MCP and IP of digit 1

In: Radial nerve

Abductor pollicis longus

O: Posterior surface of radius and ulna, interosseus membrane

I: Trapezium and base of metacarpal 1

A: Thumb ABDuction and thumb extension

In: Radial nerve

Extensor indicis

O: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane

I: Middle and distal phalanges of index finger (digit 2)

A: Extends wrist and index finger ( follow the tendon - crosses wrist so will cause action at the wrist)

In: Radial nerve