Properties of Water

It has high boiling point

exists as liquid at room temperature.

It has high specific heat

which requires large amounts of heat before it vaporizes.

Less dense in solid form.

It is the only substance that contracts when cooled because of its more open structure in the solid form.

It has high heat of vaporization.

This causes a large drop in temperature during evaporation

It has a high surface tension.

This allows water to move from the roots to the top of a very tall tree.

Surface tension

refers to the force that cuases the molecule on the surface of a liquid to be pushed together and form a layer

• Depends on the intermolecular force

• directly proportional

Viscosity

the resistance of fluids to flow

if the IFMA is strong

Vapor pressure

is the pressure of vapor resulting from evaporation of a liquid above a sample of liquid in a closed container

• if a liquid has a weak intermolecualr forces of attraction

Boiling point

The temperature of which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure

Directly proportional

• Liquids that have high vapor pressure have low boiling points

Molar hear of vaporization

The amount of heat needed to vaporize a given amount of susbstance as its boiling point

since heat is applied, the process is endothermic

• substances with high vaporization have strong IMFA

The IMFA that exist in water

dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and dipersion

water/universal solvent

power solvent

Water/solute

Solution solvent

Capillary action

the movement of liquid through or along another material against an opposing force