Properties of Water ~ Study Guide [Review 2023 ~ Team O, Review 2024 ~ Team Y]

cohesion

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is called ___________.

(example: water dome on the waxed paper)

adhesion

The tendency of water molecules to stick to other objects is called __________.

(example: water sticks to the side of a graduated cylinder)

capillary action

The ability of water to move upward through narrow tubes is called _________.

The water properties of cohesion and adhesion work with water property.

(example: blood moves through the capillaries in our body or the flower experiment)

universal solvent

Water is known as the __________ __________ because it dissolves so many substances.

(examples: mixing salt or ice tea mix into a glass of water, making lemonade, making hot cocoa, etc.)

True

True or False: Water is made up of atoms bonded to form molecules.

H₂O

The chemical formula for water is _______. There are two (2) hydrogen atoms & one (1) oxygen atom that make up water.

polar

A molecule that has electrically charged areas is called a ____________ molecule. Water is a ________ molecule.

positive

Each hydrogen atom has a slight __________ charge.

negative

A oxygen molecule has a slight _________ charge.

specific heat

___________ __________ is the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius.

slowly

Because of specific heat, large bodies of water heat up/cool off more ___________ than nearby land [ex. sand].

quicker

In comparison to water's specific heat, land (sand) will heat up and cool down much ____________ than water.

1 g/cm³ or 1 g/mL

The density of water is ___________.

float

When an object’s density is less than water, the object will _______.

sink

When the object’s density is greater than water, the object will ________.

less

Ice is _________ dense than water and as a result, ice will float/stays on the surface.

oxygen

As water temperature decreases, the weaker hydrogen bonds begin to hold the negatively-charged ________ atoms apart, forming a rigid crystal honeycomb structure we call ice.

Since ice has more volume, it has a lower density than liquid water. This causes ice to float in water!

more

When mixing the blue salt water and the red freshwater, we learned freshwater is able to “float” on saltwater because saltwater is _______ dense.

solute

The substance that dissolves [ex. sugar] to form a solution is called a __________.

solution

A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another is called a _________.

solvent

The substance that does the dissolving [ex. water] is called a __________.

evaporation [boiling]

Which type of change occurs when the starting state is a liquid and the ending state is a gas? This happens around 100 degrees Celsius.

condensation

Which type of change occurs when the starting state is a gas and the ending state is a liquid?

absorb

Evaporation occurs as water molecules __________ energy and it occurs at the surface of a liquid. Water is changing from a liquid to a gas.

An example of evaporation is air drying your wet hair.

Condensation

________________ occurs as water molecules slow down changing from a gas to a liquid.

An example is when your breath clouds up a cold window.

Water

____________ is the only substance on Earth that commonly exists in all of its different states (solid, liquid, or gas).

3%

The percentage of the Earth's water that is fresh water is ______?

sun

The energy for the water cycle originally comes from the ____________.

water cycle

Water that falls to the Earth as rain, snow, sleet , or hail is called ______________. Water is returned to the Earth's surface from the atmosphere.

evaporation

The four factors that affect the rate (speed) of ___________ are temperature, surface area, humidity, and wind speed.

increases

The rate of evaporation ______________ with an increase in temperature.

decreases

The amount of water vapor present in the air is called humidity. The rate of evaporation ____________ with an increase in humidity.

increases

The rate of evaporation ______________ with an increase in surface area.

increase

Evaporation increases with an ______________ in wind speed.

water cycle

The process(es) of evaporation, precipitation, and condensation are involved with the _____________.

surface tension

An effect where the surface of a liquid is strong is called ___________. As a result, water molecules bond tightly to one another.

soluble

Something that will dissolve in water (ex. sugar or salt).

insoluble

Something that will not dissolve in water (ex. pepper or oil).

meniscus

The curved surface at the top of a column of liquid is called the ________.

buoyancy

The ability of an object to float in a liquid (like water) because of an upward force that pushes against it is called ________.

precipitation

Water that falls from clouds to Earth’s surface as rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail is known as ___________.

transpiration

Plants release water vapor through their leaves through __________.

percolation

The movement of water through soil itself is called ____________.

sublimation

The process when a solid changes directly to a gas is referred to as _____________.

solid

This state of matter has molecules vibrate in fixed positions.

A ________ has definite shape and definite volume.

liquid

This state of matter does not have a definite shape since it takes the shape of a container.

It does have a definite volume.

The particles are free to move over each other, but are still attracted to each other.

gas

This state of matter does not have a definite shape since it takes the shape of the container.

There is no definite volume and the particles move in random motion with no attraction to one another.

A _______ is highly compressible.

boiling point

The __________ is the temperature where a liquid turns into a gas.

freezing point

The ____________ is the temperature at which water changes from a liquid to a solid.

Celsius

The system of measuring air temperature/heat used throughout most of the world. 

In _______, water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees. 

Fahrenheit

The system of measuring air temperature/heat used in the United States. In ___________, water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees.