Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome

The Han and Roman empires shared all of the following characteristics

The Han and Roman empires shared all of the following characteristics

-Ruled over populations and territories far larger than any previous states

-Had extraordinarily diverse populations

-Idealized ancestors

-Achieved new heights of cultural and economic control over the people they ruled

-They DID NOT: Honor civil magistrates as they ideal and representative public servant

The Roman Empire

Forged an unparalleled number of ethnic groups and minor states into a single political entity.

All of the following characterize the Roman military

-Rome required conquered communities on the Italian peninsula to provide soldiers for the Roman army every year

-The defeat of Hannibal demonstrated that the Roman military had overwhelming advantages in resources

-The Romans developed a war ethos that never allowed one to accept defeat

-Roman generals could gain not only victories but enormous personal rewards

-DOES NOT CHARACTERIZE THE ROMAN MILITARY: The Roman army's inability to gain clear dominance in the southeast Mediterranean against the Egyptians remained the one weakness of their empire

Authoritarian rule in Rome was initiated by

Octavian

In Roman society

Women had much greater control over their own wealth and property and greater freedom of action than women had in the Greek city-states.

All of the following were elements of the Roman world

-The Romans built a network of roads to tie their empire together

-The Romans produced massive coinage to facilitate the exchange of goods and services

-The Romans relied on large estates that produces crops for large urban markets

-The Romans believed strongly in private property

-NOT AN ELEMENT OF THE ROMAN WORLD: The Romans relied on a labor force of free workers since slavery violated roman conceptions of citizenship

Early Christianity contained all of the following elements

-Crucifixion was a standard form of punishments in the Roman Empire

-The Gospels sought to explain not what Jesus said, but that he had been divine

-Jesus's preachings were very Jewish in character

-The defining experience for early Christians was that of witnessing to God

-NOT AN ELEMENT OF EARLY CHRISTIANITY: The Roman state sought to destroy the new faith from its earliest origins

Christianity spread to every corner of the Roman Empire

Around the end of the third century CE

The Han and the Roman view of mass entertainment

differed, in that the Han believed entertainment should be for the elite, and

Romans believing it should be for all

Hannibal

Was an expert military tactician and planner and attacked Italy by marching elephants over the Alps

The late Han Empire suffered from all of the following problems

-An unfair tax system that caused tension between peasants and landowners and turned into rebellion

-A diminishing faith in Confucian teaching

-Buddhist and Daoist millenarian movements

-DID NOT SUFFER FROM: Bandits called the Yellow Turbans, who terrorized common people and elite alike

In order to establish stability, the Qin

Established an elaborate administrative hierarchy with officials directly responsible to the emperor

To spread and consolidate their rule, the Han

Used large armies armed with crossbows, and drafted laborers for public works projects

In terms of its agricultural policies, the Qin dynasty

Promoted the shift to free farming, then farmers could be directly taxed by the Qin state.

When the Han seized power after the fall of the Qin

The Han depicted the Qin as immoral despots while adopting many of their bureaucratic and legal practices

The emergence of the class of scholar-officials

Was promoted by the central state, which established schools to promote the ideal of an educated class of officials

All of the following characterize the Han social order

-The government used monopolies to try to limit the independence of merchants

-Women and children in wealthy families were cloistered in inner quarters of their homes

-Silk was worn by members of all classes

-Entertainment increasingly became divorced from ritual occasions.

-DID NOT CHARACTERIZE THE HAN SOCIAL ORDER: Monumental architecture in China became associated with sites of mass entertainment such as theaters and sporting arenas

Which one of the following correctly compares the Han and Roman armies?

The Han armies were substantially larger than the Roman armies, with the Han standing army reaching above 1 million men

Along its northern and western borders, the Han

Promoted the establishment of garrison cities and oases as military and farming settlements that became part of the Silk Road

The official who seized power during the Han dynasty and attempted to implement reforms was

Wang Mang