A group of Serbian nationalists formed by Colonel Apis (Bee) responsible for the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
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Goal of The Black Hand
Gain the independence of Serbs/Slavic people from Austro-Hungarian control.
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Where was the Archduke assassinated?
Sarajevo, Bosnia
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Nationalism
devotion and loyalty to one's own nation; patriotism
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How did nationalism cause WWI?
Britain, Germany, and France believed that their country was better than others. This meant that nations became domineering, assertive, and aggressive.
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Imperialism
policy/practice of extending a nation's rule over other territories
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How did imperialism cause WWI?
Tension between different empires as they scrambled for colonies.
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Militarism
A strong military policy/spirit. It's both practical (action of developing an armed race) and mental (government state of mind).
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How did militarism cause WWI?
Every nation kept increasing militaries to achieve a 'balance' of power. This caused competition and tension of rising war.
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Alliance
An association for mutual benefit (protection, support, deterrence of war.
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How did alliances cause WWI?
Alliances resulted in two separate armed camps (Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance), meaning if one nation was in war, the entire alliance was involved. Instead of deterring war, it fostered it.
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ANZAC
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
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Plan to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Assassinate Archduke as he drove along the main road in Sarajevo, the Apple Quay on route to the city.
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Who assassinated Archduke Franz?
Gavrilo Princip
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Eastern front
Along the German-Russian border
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Western front
Along Germany's western border, South Belgium, and Northern France
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Other land battles
South Africa, China (Chingado), Iraq, Marianas, Carolines, Marshalls Islands
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Other ocean battles
Pacific, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian
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How fought?
Aerial surveillance + bombing, navy warfare, trench warfare
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Significance of WW1
first international war, first to use modern weaponry, unprecedented mass destruction, 60000 AUS lives lost
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Why did AUS go to war?
Loyalty, duty, and cultural + economic ties to Britain
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AIF
Australian Imperial Force
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Strategies to persuade Australian men to enlist in the AIF
Propaganda / recruitment posters, sending a white feather, recruitment cards, recruitment marches
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Propaganda
A form of communication aimed at influencing the attitude of a community, a cause or position
too young/ too old, medically unfit, too short, employed in an essential service, opposed to war, fear
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when did Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?
28th July 1914
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When did Germany declare war on France, Belgium and Russia?
1-3 August 1914
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When did Britain declare war on Germany?
4th August 1914
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Australia's involvement in WW1
Brief engagment in the Pacific (October-November 1914) First major campaign: Gallipoli, Turkey (April-December 1914) Western Front, France/ Belgium(1916-1918) Middle East (1916-1918)
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When did enlistments peak?
1915
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AUS response to outbreak
Most AUS supported the war
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Biggest supporter of the war effort
Australian Women's National League
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Significance of Gallipoli
the first battle Australia was in, shaped AUS's identity
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Life at Gallipoli
Mentally and physically exhausting with little comforts and unsanitary conditions.
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When was the Gallipoli Campaign?
25 April 1915 - 9 Jan. 1916
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What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?
to diminish the power of the Turks and support Russia
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August Offensive
In August 1915, the allies attempted to break the stalemate at Gallipoli by advancing.
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stalemate
when two sides are in opposition but neither can progress
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When did the Allied fleet fail to force through the Dardanelle Strait to attack Istanbul?
8th March 1915
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When were the allied landings at Cape Helles, Kumkale and Anzac Cove?
25th April 1915. Troops were ordered to 'dig in'. Australian submarine AE2 slips through the Dardanelles?
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When was the failed Turkish Offensive?
18-19th May 1915
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When was the Battle of Lone Pine?
6-9th August 1915. Initially Australian soldiers capture the main Turkish trenches but eventually the Turks recaptured the ground they had lost. Seven Victoria Crosses earned by Australian soldiers. This battle is part of the August offensive.
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When was the Charge at the Nek?
7th August 1915. Part of the August offensive, is unsuccessful and hundreds of Australians are killed. British forces land at Suvla Bay unopposed to reinforce ANZACs.
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When was the successful withdrawal of all troops from Anzac Cove?
8-20th December 1915
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When did allies evacuate and the end of Gallipoli campaign?
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