Case studies

Uluru

Sandstone rock

Northern territory

348m high

Cone shaped rock dwelling

Kandovan Iran

Volcanic rock

Carved by hand

Parthenon

rock, roofs

Athen, Greece 400BC

Timber and stone beams

Marble columns

Stacked stone drums

German Pavilion

Rock, walls, windows

Barcelona, Spain

Meis van der Rohe

1929

Moroccan onyx dore

Originally no doors or windows

Stone not structural

Columns structural - linear supporting element

Red rocks amphitheatre

Rock

Colorado USA

1941

Sandstone

Belvedere castle

Rock

Central Park

Vista rocks and Manhattan Schist

Excavated from site

Barangaroo reserve

Rock

Sydney

PWP Landscape architecture

Sandstone from site

Bluestone ice wall

Rock, water

Teardrop park NY

2004

Michael Van Volkenburgh associates

Water source

Becomes ice wall

Minneapolis court house plaza

Rock

Earth mounds resembles glacial drums - cultural and natural history

Martha Swartz

Rammed earth wall

Rock

Luigi Rosselli

Western Australia

Residences

Garraf waste landfill

Rock

Spain

2012

Batile i roig architects

Education centre

Baths of Caracalla

Rock, walls

Rome

212-217

Brick facing with concrete walls

Townhouses

Rock

Philadelphia USA

Brick manufacturing hub - cultural significance

Design republic commune

Rock

Shanghai

Neri & Hu

Exposed brick interior

Unhistoric townhouse

Rock

Tribeca NY

System Architects

2019

Double skin of brick

Tree branch look

Pont du gard

Water, roofs

France

Roman aqueduct

Directs and distributes water

Jelly limestone

Arches different sizes

Keystone particular shape

Grand Ethiopian renaissance dam

Water

2010-2023

Electricity production

Down stream flow- political

Chand Baori step well

Water, stairs

India

Social gathering, religious ceremony, water source

13th century

3500 steps, 13 stories

Lismore

Water

Water playscape

Water

Elephant Park, London UK

Gillespie’s landscape architects

2021

Multi sensory experience

300 tons of northern Italy igneous rock

Not sustainable material choice

Zalige bridge

Water

Netherlands

Next architects and H+N+S landscape architects

Waterline park

Water

Chengdu China

Lab D+H

12 water stake noses along 8m ditch

Interactive

Hyperlane linear sky park

Water

Chengdu, china

Aspect studios

2.4km linear sky level park

Henning G kruses plads

Water

Denmark

Bjarke Ingles group

10m round basin pool

Vibrations keep water in constant motion

Fallingwater

Water, concrete, metals, stairs

1934-1937

Pennsylvania USA

Frank lloyd wright

Built over waterfall

Staircase into stream for connection

Landing cantilevers over water

Mateo House

Water

Zozaya architecture

Mexico

2022

Connects interior to exterior

Reflects surrounding

Freeway park

Water

Lawerence Haplin and associates

1976

Seattle, USA

Water for acoustic masking and spatial differentiation

Ira keller forecourt fountain

Water

1970

Portland USA

Theatre and interactive

Inspired by local waterfalls

Biotop botanical garden

Water

Japan

2013-2018

Water from irrigation system

Snow changes atmosphere

Ground Zero

Water

Memories

Szechenyi bath

Water

Budapest

1909

Gyozo Czigler

Therme vals spa

Water

Switzerland

Peter Zumthor

Ritual purification

Rain room

Water

St Hilnd

Interactive art

Warka water tower

Water

Cameroon

Harvests portable water

Natural fibres

Oasys system

Air

Mask architects

Abu dabi

Shade, sprays mist and collects solar energy

Sound of wind chapel

Air

RAA
Japan

Steel strings create sound from wind

Glass house

Air, glass

Connecticut USA
Philip Johnson

La Sagrada familia cathedral

Air, roofs, windows

Barcelona Spain

1883 - still under construction

Antoni Gaudi

Stained glass inset into thick walls

Designed with hanging chain model

Straight lines

New Korean garden

Air

Seoul, South Korea

Moscow studio SKNYPL

Plastic inflated with helium for interactive space

Inflatable ski World Cup start house

Air

Ingenhoven architects

Igloo

PVC3

Pantheon

Concrete, walls, roofs

Rome

1280

Dome 43m wide 43m high

Decorative section hollowed to lighten

Concrete arches

Stone dome

Dom-Ino

Concrete

1914

Le Corbusier

Open floor plan

Reinforced concrete slabs supported by columns

Separates structural elements from functional spaces

Villa savoya

Concrete, stairs, windows

Le Corbusier

France

1929

Ramp system key design element

Access to roof garden

Stairs seperate floors, ramps flow dynamic

Shonan christ church

Concrete

Fujisawa Japan

2015

Takeshi Hosaka architects

Oberon campus building

Tim