Rehab Audiology QS 8-15

What is an example of a life course approach in aural rehabilitation?

• Newborn hearing screenings

• Hearing conservation program with college students in the School of Music

• Setting up a clinic to identify hidden hearing loss

• Educational audiology

Hearing conservation program with college students in the School of Music

Based on current statistics concerning the elderly: 

• When you are 75 years old, you probably will have a hearing loss greater than 25 dB HL

• When you are 75 years old, you probably will wear hearing aids

• When you are 75 years old, you probably will have phonemic regression

• All of the above are true

• None of the above are true

When you are 75 years old, you probably will have a hearing loss greater than 25 dB HL

Which of the following statements is/are true? 

• Among the elderly, approximately 40% currently utilize hearing aids

• The elderly tend to have more hearing loss than middle aged adults

• The hearing loss usually observed in the elderly is the sensorineural type

• All of the above

All of the above

The prevalence of hearing loss is lower in (adults/children) and (males/females). 

• Adults; females

• Children; males

• Adults; males

• Children; females

Children; females

Which of the following terms refers to age related hearing loss? 

• Paracusis willisi

• Acoupedic decline

• Hyper-recruitment

• Presbycusis

Presbycusis

C.A.R.E  stands for: 

• Counseling, Audibility, Remediate Communication, Environmental/Coordination

• Correction, Amplification, Rehabilitation, Environmental awareness

• Compensation, assessment, record keeping, electronic intervention

• Communication, amplification, remediation, extrapolation

Counseling, Audibility, Remediate Communication, Environmental/Coordination

Which situation would be likely to result in the highest percent correct on a speech perception test? When the test stimuli are presented with… 

• Multitalker babble

• Steady state noise

• Single talker babble

• Reverberation

Steady state noise

About ___ of the people in the United States will experience some form of balance or dizziness problem in their lifetime. 

• 50 %

• 75 %

• 65 %

• 33%

50%

According to the text, what is the most important measure that can be obtained when assessing outcomes from hearing aid fittings? 

• Data logging

• Self-report measures

• Aided and unaided speech perception testing

• All of the above

Self-report measures

Which of the following settings is least likely to provide comprehensive aural rehabilitation services?

• Veterans Administration Medical Centers

• Community centers

• University-based clinic

• Hearing instrument specialists

Hearing instrument specialists

What is a benefit of using self-report measures in the aural rehabilitation setting?

• They take little time to complete

• Inexpensive

• Invasive

• Narrow scope

Inexpensive

Which of the following may be interpreted as evidence to support adult hearing screening programs?

• Hearing loss is an easily treatable condition

• The prevalence of self-reported hearing problems surpasses audiometric hearing loss with age

• It would be cost-effective to screen all adults with hearing loss over age 65

• Adults over 60 year with untreated mild hearing loss or worse score more poorly on cognitive measures

Adults over 60 year with untreated mild hearing loss or worse score more poorly on cognitive measures

Research has shown that full-time hearing aid use can eliminate dementia in elderly adults. 

• True

• False

False

Listening effort, or the allocation of mental resources to overcome obstacles during listening activities, may be assessed via

• Audiometry

• Tympanometry

• Pupil, cardiac, or skin responses

• A and C

• All of the above

Pupil, cardiac, or skin responses

An example of someone using a controlling strategy as a coping behavior would be...

• Avoiding social settings

• Wearing BTEs because they are inconspicuous

• Smiling and nodding when one doesn’t understand what was said

• None of the above

None of the above

More than ___ of children who are deaf or hearing loss are born into families with parents who have normal-hearing. 

• 20%

• 40%

• 60%

• 90%

90%

Which of the following is a stage in Kubler-Ross’ grief cycle?

• Confusion

• Denial

• Rejection

• Relief

Denial

Which of the following is not a stage/phase of the grief cycle? 

• Shock

• Frustration

• Denial

• Depression

• Acceptance

Frustration

The capacity to think independently, remain flexible, tolerate frustration, maintain healthy relationships with others, and have a capacity for self-direction and self-control are all examples of:

• Self-Image

• Social Awareness

• Social competence

• Self-control

Social competence

Which group is at risk for social and emotional difficulties related to hearing loss? Children with….

• Mild hearing loss

• Severe hearing loss

• Unilateral hearing loss

• All of the above

All of the above

An indicator that adults have a difficult time adjusting to their self-concept of a person with hearing loss is the fact that only about ____ of the population who would benefit from hearing aids use them.

• 5%

• 10%

• 30%

• 50%

30%

Which statement best describes the hearing aid effect?

• Conversational partners talk louder when they see someone wearing hearing aids.

• Individuals with hearing aids are judged as being less attractive

• Individuals with hearing aids are judged as being older than they actually are

• Conversational partners assume that hearing aids are some kind of wearable device

Individuals with hearing aids are judged as being less attractive

You are a pediatric audiologist who is fitting hearing aids on a baby for the first time.  Which of the following statements should you avoid saying to the parents at this initial visit?

• “Your daughter needs to wear her hearing aids during all waking hours”

• “The more your daughter wears her hearing aids, the more she can learn to recognize your voice”

• “I recognize that it may be a challenge to get your daughter to wear her hearing aids at first. I’m here to help”

• It’s better just to focus on the baby at the initial hearing aid fitting and have the parents sit in the waiting room.

“Your daughter needs to wear her hearing aids during all waking hours”

Which of the following variables influence the psychological, emotional, and social development of Deaf individuals?

• Are they raised in families that accept them for who they are?

• Is communication easy to establish and sustain?

• Is the ability to express oneself and be understood and accepted part of one’s experience?

• All of the above

All of the above

Generally once parents reach the acceptance stage in the grief cycle, they stay there.

• True

• False

False

Which of the following is an example of avoidance techniques? 

• Not going to restaurants because the listening challenges are stressful

• Leaving a relative with hearing loss out of conversations

• Talking to a parent with hearing loss less often on the phone

• Not wearing hearing aids due to concerns about looking “old”

Not going to restaurants because the listening challenges are stressful

A professional talks while a patient or parent listens to information about the audiogram, the anatomy of the ear, the benefits and limitations of hearing aids and cochlear implants, and the range of communication options.  This is an example of: 

• Psychotherapy

• Explaining

• Informational counseling

• Capital "C" counseling

Informational counseling

According to your text, which step in the counseling process do audiologists frequently tend to skip in audiological rehabilitation?

• Helping patients take responsibility for their listening problems

• Helping patients tell a story

• Helping patients establish goals

• Helping patients clarify their problems

Helping patients take responsibility for their listening problems

Which of the following comments would suggest that the patient is not yet assuming the responsibility of living with hearing loss?

• “I’m upset that I can’t hear well”

• “What are my options for addressing my hearing difficulties?”

• “Other people speak too softly… they mumble.”

• “My worst communication situation is when I am in background noise.”

“Other people speak too softly… they mumble.”

With respect to helping patients tell their story, habituation refers to:

• The patient making a habit out of saying “huh?”

• Professionals assuming a “we’ve heard it all before” attitude

• The patient blocking out information after hearing aids are recommended

• Professionals allowing too much time for patients to tell their story

Professionals allowing too much time for patients to tell their story

Which of the following is true regarding cochlear implant candidacy? 

• congenitally deaf teenagers who have never used amplification are strong candidates because they are highly motivated to hear like their peers

• unlike adults, it is best not to wait to fit an infant with a cochlear implant until after a trial fitting with hearing aids is conducted

• informed and realistic expectations are equally as important with cochlear implants as they are with conventional hearing aids

• it is recommended that adults over 80 years old not receive cochlear implants

informed and realistic expectations are equally as important with cochlear implants as they are with conventional hearing aids

Which of the following individuals is considered the “inventor” of electric hearing? 

• Count Alessandro Volta

• Graeme Clark

• Ingeborg Hochmair

• Bruce Gantz

Count Alessandro Volta

Which of the following is not a mandatory component of a cochlear implant system?

• transmitter

• earmold

• speech processor

• battery

earmold

Worldwide over _______ persons have received cochlear implants from three different companies. 

• 700

• 7,000

• 70,000

• 700,000

700,000

The cochlear implant team can involve which of the following individuals? 

• Speech–language pathologists

• Psychologists

• Teachers of the deaf and hard-of-hearing

• Parents

• All of the above

All of the above

What is “off-label use”? 

• when a physician prescribes an FDA-approved medication or medical device for uses other than their specific approved indications

• when a physician prescribes an FDA-approved medication or medical device in accordance with approved indications

• when a physician prescribes an FDA-approved medication or medical device in accordance with the manufacturer’s label

• when a physician prescribes an FDA-approved medication or medical device and violates specific ethical guidelines or safety regulations

when a physician prescribes an FDA-approved medication or medical device for uses other than their specific approved indications

After the cochlear implant microphone picks up the sound wave, it converts it to a(n)… 

• Acoustic signal

• Electrical signal

• FM signal

• Infrared signal

Electrical signal

The cochlear implant programming system delivers an electrical current through the patient’s cochlear implant to each internal electrode in order to obtain ___________ measures. 

• comfort and discomfort

• threshold and discomfort

• threshold and comfort

• discomfort and pain

threshold and comfort

Which of the following is least likely to be a variable that affects the success with a cochlear implant? 

• age of onset

• family history of middle ear problems

• length of deafness

• length of implant use

family history of middle ear problems

A cochlear implant bypasses the ____. 

• Tympanic membrane

• Malleus

• Basilar membrane

• A and B

• A and C

A and B

Anya is 12-months-old and just received a cochlear implant. She was born deaf and her family speaks Spanish. Julian is 12-years-old and just received a cochlear implant. He was born deaf and his family speaks English. Who will likely benefit the most from the device? 

• Anya

• Julian

• they would benefit equally

• neither would benefit

Anya

Which term is used to describe individuals with a hearing aid in one ear and a cochlear implant in the opposite ear? 

• Bimodal

• Bilateral

• Unilateral

• Binaural

Bimodal

What objective technique allows audiologists to test the integrity of the internal device, both during and after surgery? 

• Real ear

• MAPping

• CI verification

• Telemetry

Telemetry

The social model of disability identifies disability as a personal health condition or impairment that necessitates treatment, cure, or correction. 

• True

• False

False

Which of the following is a positive indicator of success with a cochlear implant?

• Younger age at onset of profound hearing loss

• Shorter duration of deafness

• Older age at implantation

• Higher pre-implant pure tone average

Shorter duration of deafness

Name the parts of the external speech processor of a CI. 

• microphone, battery, magnet, receiver, coil

• coil, coil cable, battery, magnet, speech processor

• magnet, receiver coil, 2 extracochlear grounds, intracochlear electrode array, electronic package

• speech processor, magnet, battery, coil cable, electronic package

coil, coil cable, battery, magnet, speech processor

What does the indicator light do on the CI? 

• Helps locate the CI if it gets lost

• Let’s the parents know the battery is low

• Let’s you know you are connected to a remote mic

• Let’s the parents know if the speech processor is picking up sounds or troubleshooting is needed

Let’s the parents know if the speech processor is picking up sounds or troubleshooting is needed

When should you do otoscopy during earmold impressions? 

• Before you insert the otoblock

• After you insert the otoblock

• After you take out the ear impression

• All of the above

All of the above

How deep should the otoblock go? 

• Intertragal notch

• Touching the eardrum

• Just past the second bend of the ear canal

• You don't need otoblocks if you are really good at ear impressions

Just past the second bend of the ear canal

How often should you do a listening check for a child with a CI/HA? 

• At least once a day

• At least once a week

• At least once a month

• At least once every 8 weeks another foil could be: when there is a problem.

At least once a day

When performing a listening check, what are you not listening for? 

• Is the hearing aid distorted

• Is there even amplification when you are changing the volume control?

• Are the programs all functioning appropriately?

• Is the hearing aid overamplifying sounds for the patient?

Is the hearing aid overamplifying sounds for the patient?

What would be one common reason for hearing aid feedback? 

• Hearing aid is underamplifying sound

• Earmold is too small or doesn’t fit

• Wrong battery type in the hearing aid

• Dead battery

Earmold is too small or doesn’t fit

Why should an audiologist use prescriptive targets to fit and verify hearing aids? 

• To ensure adequate audibility

• To ensure the hearing aid has minimum gain

• To ensure the hearing aid has maximum gain

• All of the above

To ensure adequate audibility

How far should the end of the probe tube be from the eardrum? 

• 0-3 mm

• 2-5 mm

• 5-7 mm

• 25-30 mm

2-5 mm

For adult females, how long should the black marker ring be from the end of the probe tube? 

• 2-5 mm

• 20-25 mm

• 25-28 mm

• 28-30 mm

25-28 mm

What is the most common problem with any non-functioning hearing aid? 

• Dead battery

• Moisture in the ear hook

• Internal feedback

• All of the above

Dead battery

What of the following is a common size of a HA battery? 

• 150

• 13

• 1200

• 24

13

How long does a hearing aid battery typically last for someone who is wearing the hearing aid all waking hours? 

• 2-3 days

• 30 days

• 6-8 days

• 1 year

6-8 days

What does Phonak say the range is for their remote mic? 

• 20 feet

• 20 meters

• 40 feet

• 40 meters

20 meters

Which of the following would be the most appropriate time to use a pocket talker: 

• A child in a classroom

• An infant during story time

• An elderly person in a doctor's office

• An adult at a theater

An elderly person in a doctor’s office

According to the authors, what is one reason for limited collaboration between SLPs and audiologists? 

• The audiology clinical doctorate (AuD) has minimized opportunities for collaboration between the professions

• There is a limited number of educational audiologists in the US

• Audiologists and SLPs have a difficult time agreeing on best practices for children with hearing loss

• ASHA’s scope of practice discourages SLPs and audiologists from cross-training in the respective fields

There is a limited number of educational audiologists in the US

In the survey, what was the most frequent response for how often SLPs performed hearing aid listening checks with students? 

• Rarely

• Monthly

• Weekly

• Daily

Rarely

According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA), how often should hearing aid checks be performed? 

• Rarely

• Monthly

• Weekly

• Daily

Daily

The majority of SLPs who responded to the survey reported that they were confident in their ability to troubleshoot cochlear implants, hearing aids, and FM systems. 

• True

• False

False

Which type of equipment were the SLPs least confident with troubleshooting? 

• FM systems

• Cochlear implants

• Hearing aids

• Induction loops

Cochlear implants

What was a limitation for the survey study? 

• Most of the SLPs didn’t work with children with hearing loss

• The authors only sent surveys to a limited number of states in the US

• Most of the SLPs didn’t have access to audiologists, so they couldn’t answer the survey questions

• The low response rate may have resulted in an unrepresentative sample of school-based SLPs.

The low response rate may have resulted in an unrepresentative sample of school-based SLPs.

Approximately what percentage of SLPs did not have access to an educational audiologist? 

• One quarter

• One third

• One half

• Two thirds

One third

What is one feasible option for improving collaboration between SLPs and audiologists, according to the authors? 

• Train SLPs to fit FM systems, hearing aids, and cochlear implants

• Set aside dedicated time every week for SLPs and audiologists to communicate via Skype

• Encourage more audiologists to join ASHA

• Joint participation on students’ IEP teams

Joint participation on students’ IEP teams

High levels of family involvement in early intervention can mitigate the negative consequences of later identification of hearing loss. 

• True

• False

True

Where did the majority of children receive early intervention? 

• Day care

• Center-based

• Home

• Office or clinic

Home

Family participation in early intervention was less likely to occur when services were delivered in a clinic setting. 

• True

• False

True

For service providers with low levels of specialization, what skill were they least comfortable with? 

• Designing therapy goals

• Promoting early literacy

• Troubleshooting hearing aids

• Using the FM system

Troubleshooting hearing aids

What factor was most strongly related to comfort level with different skills? 

• Caseload composition

• Program characteristics

• Number of years of early intervention experience

• Service providers’ terminal degree

Caseload composition

What is a best-practice goal of early intervention with children with hearing loss? 

• Helping the child achieve age-appropriate spoken language skills

• Increasing family involvement in early intervention

• Achieving full-time hearing aid use within 6 months of hearing aid fitting

• Teaching children how to read

Increasing family involvement in early intervention

What do Harrison et al. suggest as a method to increase the benefits of family involvement in early intervention? 

• Use of smartphones

• Providing intervention services at center-based programs

• Working with highly specialized early intervention providers

• Daily hearing aid listening checks

Use of smartphones

In speechreading a speaker it is better if: 

• The lips only are visible

• The whole face is visible

• The head and shoulders are visible

• From the waist up is visible

From the waist up is visible

Speechreading typically:

• can be improved by up to 40% with training

• requires most individuals to practice for at least a year to get the most improvement

• can be improved slightly in about 6 weeks of training for most individuals

• cannot be improved

can be improved slightly in about 6 weeks of training for most individuals

Which of the following differences will have a significant effect for the person trying to speechread? 

• 10 ft. or 20 ft. distance from speaker

• Brightly lighted or average lighted room

• 0 degree angle or 45 degree angle from speaker

• 90 degree or 45 degree angle from speaker

90 degree of 45 degree angle from speaker

Which behavior is helpful when trying to enhance speechreading? 

• Speaking very slowly

• Exaggerating mouth movements

• Covering your mouth

• Accompanying speech with gestures and facial expressions

Accompanying speech with gestures and facial expressions

Which of the following is an example of a homophene? 

• Wail/quail

• Accept/except

• Knot/not

• Right/write

Wail/quail

The optimum distance between speaker and speechreader is: 

• 2 - 3 feet

• 4 - 6 feet

• 7 - 10 feet

• 10 - 25 feet

4 - 6 feet

The variables that affect the speechreading process usually fall in four general areas. They are: 

• the signer, the signs, the environment, and signee

• the speaker, the signal code, the environment, and the speechreader

• the speaker, the acoustic information, the background noise, and the microphone

• the speaker, the coded information, the skill of the speaker and reader, and the speechreader

the speaker, the signal code, the environment, and the speechreader

Which group of sounds are a homophenous group? 

• p t k

• m n

• p b m

• f t

• none of the above

p b m

With appropriate lighting and viewing angle, approximately ___ % of speech is visible. 

• 10

• 25

• 33

• 50

33

You’re watching an Iowa basketball game and Jan Jensen is arguing with the referee.  You are able to understand most of what she is saying via speechreading, even though you can’t hear her.  This is an example of what factor related to speechreading? 

• Speaker familiarity

• Environment

• Syntactic constraints

• Contextual constraints

Contextual constraints

Engaging in real or simulated conversations to practice understanding speech in a natural context is an example of a: 

• Analytic activity

• Synthetic activity

• Continuous discourse tracking

• Kinzie Method

Synthetic activity

What speech feature is best conveyed via speechreading? 

• Place

• Manner

• Voicing

• Nasality

Place

Speechreading a family member would probably be easier than speechreading a person you meet for the first time at the grocery store. 

• True

• False

True

The degree to which an individual needs visual information when conversing with someone is proportional to the: 

• length of the conversation

• amount of information that is lost due to the hearing loss

• number of ears affected (bilateral vs monaural)

• amount of information that is lost due to visual cues

amount of information that is lost due to the hearing loss

Which statement (s) is/are true concerning speechreading? 

• Speechreading performance decreases sharply as the distance between the speaker and speechreader goes from 5 to 10 feet

• Speechreading tends to improve with age in the child

• Speechreading alone generally results in the perception of about 60 % of what is said

• Two of the above

• All of the above

Speechreading tends to improve with age in the child

Components of early intervention programs for the child with hearing loss typically include: 

• Home visits

• Family support and resource sharing

• Screening/assessment of hearing

• All of the above

All of the above

Congenital, as it relates to deafness, means: 

• acquired over the child’s lifetime

• mother transmitted to child during birth

• present at birth

• acquired during the birthing process

present at birth

Prelingually deafened is defined as: 

• deafness occurring after a language base has been established

• deafness occurring from exposure to damaging levels of noise

• deafness with an onset that occurs before the child is using intentional communication

• deafness with an onset after language has been developed

deafness with an onset that occurs before the child is using intentional communication

Postlingual, as it relates to deafness, means: 

• deafness acquired after the child has developed language

• deafness acquired before the child has developed language

• deafness occurring from exposure to damaging levels of noise

• deafness occurring after a language base has been established

deafness acquired after the child has developed language

Recent technological advances allow for identification of hearing loss soon after birth through the use of which two objective tests? 

• otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR)

• crib-o-grams and otoscopy

• tuning fork tests and play audiometry

• pure-tone-averaging (PTA) and spondee recognition threshold testing (SRT)

otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR)

All but one of the following are risk factors for hearing loss in newborns: 

• family history of hearing loss

• predisposition to hearing loss

• anomalies of the head or face

• meningitis

• chemotherapy

predisposition to hearing loss

The majority of children in the Holte et al. study did not meet 1-3-6 guidelines for children who fail the newborn hearing screen.  

• True

• False

True

What is the 6 month benchmarks, as described by JCIH and AAP? 

• all children screened for hearing loss

• all children who fail NHS have hearing loss confirmed through diagnostic testing

• children with confirmed hearing loss enter early intervention

• children with confirmed hearing loss receive hearing aids

children with confirmed hearing loss enter early intervention

Which of the following makes it difficult to get families to follow up, after their child fails the newborn hearing screen? 

• They see their infant responding to sounds and think there isn’t a problem with hearing.

• Parents often aren’t notified of newborn hearing screen results by the birth hospital

• There is a lack of valid and reliable test measures before a child is 6 months of age and capable of providing behavioral responses in the test booth

• All of the above

• None of the above

They see their infant responding to sounds and think there isn’t a problem with hearing.

Which of the following is NOT a finding from Holte et al.? 

• None of the independent variables predicted age at entry into early intervention

• Higher SES is associated with younger ages at confirmation and HA fitting

• Severity of hearing loss affects timeliness of service delivery (e.g., confirmation of hearing loss, hearing aid fitting, entry into early intervention)

• There was no effect of gender on age at follow-up benchmarks

Severity of hearing loss affects timeliness of service delivery (e.g., confirmation of hearing loss, hearing aid fitting, entry into early intervention)