Reconstruction APUSH SAQ (vocab)

SAQ Reconstruction APUSH, Reconstruction SAQ vocab.

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

(Dec. 1863) issued by Lincoln: offered full pardon to Southerners who would take oath of allegiance to the Union and acknowledge emancipation

Wade-Davis Bill

1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States, a southerner from Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Freedman's Bureau

Federal agency set up in 1865 to provide food, schools, and medical care to freed slaves in the South

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Congressional Reconstruction

A process led by the Radical Republicans that led to the usage of military force to protect blacks' rights.

Presidential Reconstruction

was the President's idea of reconstruction : all states had to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, and men had to pledge their loyalty to the U.S.

Radical Republicans

After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.

Charles Sumner

A leader of the Radical republicans along with Thaddeus Stevens. He was from Massachusetts and was in the senate. His two main goals were breaking the power of wealthy planters and ensuring that freedmen could vote

Thaddeus Stevens

A Radical Republican who believed in harsh punishments for the South. Leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Extended the rights of emancipated slaves by stating that any person born in the US regardless of race is a US citizen.

Fourteenth Amendment

A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.

Equal Protection Laws

The principle of the 14th Amendment, which allows the same rights and benefits to all citizens according to government practice unless there is a compelling reason to withhold these rights.

Reconstruction Acts

1867 - Pushed through congress over Johnson's veto, it gave radical Republicans complete military control over the South and divided the South into five military zones, each headed by a general with absolute power over his district.

Tenure of Office Act

1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet

Edwin Stanton

Secretary of War appointed by Lincoln. President Johnson dismissed him in spite of the Tenure of Office Act, and as a result, Congress wanted Johnson's impeachment.

Fifteenth Amendment

1870 constitutional amendment that guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or previous condition of servitude

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Prohibited discrimination in "public accommodations," found unconstitutional in 1883 as Congress could not regulate conduct of individuals.

Scalawags

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners.

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states.

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

Credit Mobilier

a joint-stock company organized in 1863 and reorganized in 1867 to build the Union Pacific Railroad. It was involved in a scandal in 1872 in which high government officials were accused of accepting bribes.

Thomas Nast

"Father of American Cartoons"; drew political cartoons during Reconstruction; created popular images of Santa, Uncle Sam, and the Donkey / Elephant political symbols

Liberal Republicans

Party formed in 1872 (split from the ranks of the Republican Party) which argued that the Reconstruction task was complete and should be set aside. Significantly dampered further Reconstructionist efforts.

Panic of 1873

(USG) , Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver)

Greenbacks

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)

Redeemers

Conservative white Democrats, many of them planters or businessmen, who reclaimed control of the South following the end of Reconstruction

Force Acts

A series of laws designed to protect black suffrage by authorizing the use of the army against the Ku Klux Klan

Amnesty Act of 1872

Pardoned most former Confederates. Almost all white Southerners could vote & hold office.

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history

Samuel Tilden

Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the disputed election of 1876

Compromise of 1876

The deal gave the Democrats an end to Reconstruction and military occupation in the South (and thus political control of that region—the "Solid South" was born) in exchange for continued control of the White House—Rutherford B. Hayes given the contested election of 1876 over Samuel Tilden, even though he lost by 250,000 votes; by this point, Northerners had lost interest in the problems facing former slaves

Jim Crow Laws

State laws in the South that legalized segregation.

Ulysses S. Grant

An American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

Whiskey Ring Fraud

scandal in Grant's administration in which liquor taxes were increased to aid paying off Civil War costs but distillers and treasury officials defrauded the government and stole millions

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Strike by railroad workers in 1877 that ended in the deaths of over one hundred people when Hayes called in federal troops to suppress the unruly laborers.

Reconstruction Amendment 13

abolished slavery

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

"40 Acres & a Mule"

this slogan was created in 1864 and 1865 when the federal government settled nearly 10000 black families on abandoned plantation land often times receiving a single mule for their property. It was an attempt to give the black families a new start. Did not actually end up happening.

Lincoln's Plan

In December, President Lincoln proposed a reconstruction program that would allow Confederate states to establish new state governments after 10 percent of their male population took loyalty oaths and the states recognized the permanent freedom of formerly enslaved people.

Andrew Johnson's Plan

In 1865 President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South.