Bone Markings

Foramen magnum

Large opening in the occipital bone for the spinal cord.

Zygomatic process of temporal bone

Projects to form part of the cheekbone.

Temporal process of zygomatic bone

Joins with the zygomatic process to form the zygomatic arch.

External acoustic (auditory) meatus

Canal for hearing.

Sella turcica

Depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.

Crista galli

Ridge on the ethmoid bone for brain attachment.

Mastoid process

Projection of the temporal bone for muscle attachment.

Mandibular notch, condyle, and ramus

Parts of the mandible (lower jaw).

Glabella

along the midline on the anterior aspect of the cranium.

mental foramen crest

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Mental Foramen

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Transverse foramen

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Internal occipital crest

grooves produced by the dural venous sinuses

Vertebrae

Vertebral foramen

Opening for the spinal cord.

Spinous and transverse processes

Bony projections for muscle attachment.

Centrum (body) of vertebrae

A cylindrical mass on the anterior side of the vertebra.

Superior and inferior articular facet of vertebrae

An oval shaped, concave structure on the superior aspect of the lateral mass.

Odontoid process (dens)

Found on the axis (C2 vertebra).

Sacral foramina

Openings in the sacrum for nerves.

intervertebral foramina

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median sacral crest

formed by the fusion of sacral spines of S1 to S4.

Greater and Lesser cornu of hyoid

extend from the lateral extremity of the body in a posterolateral direction

Tubercle of rib

Articulates with the vertebrae.

Coracoid and acromion processes of scapula

Projections for muscle attachment.

Glenoid fossa

Articulates with the humerus.

Medial and Lateral epicondyle of humerus

a bony projection found at the distal end of the medial supracondylar ridge of the humerus

Conoid tubercle of clavicle

A bony prominence on the inferior surface of the lateral third of the clavicle. It marks the insertion of the conoid ligament.

costal tuberosity of clavicle

broad rough surface, the costal tuberosity (impression for costoclavicular ligament).

Upper Limb

Olecranon fossa

Depression in the humerus for the ulna.

Medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus

Muscle attachment points.

Trochlea

Articulates with the ulna.

Styloid process of ulna

Projections near the wrist.

radial tuberosity

marking the border between the proximal end and the shaft.

Olecranon process

The bony point of the olecranon can easily be felt beneath the skin because it is covered by just a thin layer of tissue.

Capitulum

a rounded knob on the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius. External auditory meatus/canal

trochlea of humerus

a deep depression between two well

marked borders;

head of radius

A disk shaped structure, with a concave articulating surface

styloid process of radius

a flat groove, for the tendons of the Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis.

Pelvis

Acetabulum

Hip socket for the femur.

Obturator foramen

Large opening for blood vessels and nerves.

Pubic symphysis

Joint between the pubic bones.

Iliac crest

a curved ridge line of bone that can be palpated when you 'put your hands on your hips.

Trochlear notch

a large depression in the upper extremity of the ulna that fits the trochlea of the humerus.

superior pubic ramus

consists of a medial part (the body of the pubis) and a lateral part

Ala of sacrum

the paired upper part of the lateral parts of sacrum, lateral to the first sacral vertebra.

Ischial spine

a bony prominence found on the ramus of the ischium between the greater and lesser sciatic notches.

Lower Limb

Medial and lateral condyles of tibia

Articulate with the femur.

Tibial tuberosity

Muscle attachment point.

Medial and lateral malleoli

Projections of the tibia and fibula at the ankle.

Anterior crest of tibia

an anterior ridge located just under the skin (subcutaneous).

head of humerus

The proximal humerus is marked by a head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater and lesser tuberosity and intertubercular sulcus

head of femur

a small, pit

like depression on the medial surface of the head, which is also called the fovea capitis.

Neck of femur

the region just below the ball of the hip joint.

Greater trochanter of femur

a prominent, palpable bony projection located on the upper lateral aspect of the proximal femur

popliteal line of tibia

a prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the tibia.

anterior crest of tibia

an anterior ridge located just under the skin (subcutaneous).