more photoelectric effect and wave-particle duality

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what equation did Einstein make about conservation of energy in photons?

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  • hf = work function + maximum kinetic energy

  • the energy of each individual photon must be conserved because all its energy is transferred to the photoelectron

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why do some electrons require more energy than others?

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  • electrons are different distances away from the surface of the metal and some are closer to the positive ions than others

  • an electron which requires the minimum energy to free it would have the maximum kinetic energy

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1
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what equation did Einstein make about conservation of energy in photons?

  • hf = work function + maximum kinetic energy

  • the energy of each individual photon must be conserved because all its energy is transferred to the photoelectron

2
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why do some electrons require more energy than others?

  • electrons are different distances away from the surface of the metal and some are closer to the positive ions than others

  • an electron which requires the minimum energy to free it would have the maximum kinetic energy

3
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what does the graph of kinetic energy vs incident frequency?

  • kinetic energy= hf - work function

  • the y intercept is the negative work function

  • the gradient is planck’s constant

4
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what is wave-particle duality?

  • the idea that subatomic particles have wavelengths and can be made to exhibit wave properties like diffraction

  • also electromagnetic radiation can be described as waves (just normal waves) or particles (photons)

  • normally applied to electrons, but also works for neutrons and protons too (they’re just harder to observe due to their large mass/ large momentum, small wavelength)

5
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what is electron diffraction?

  • if an electron gun fires electrons at a thin piece of polycrystalline graphite, the electrons pass between the individual carbon atoms

  • the gap between the atoms is similar in size to the wavelength of the electrons

  • so the electrons form a diffraction pattern

  • the electrons behave as particles when they are accelerated by the high p.d, then as waves when they diffract, then as particles when they hit the screen with discrete impacts

6
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what is the de broglie equation?

  • wavelength = h / momentum

  • therefore wavelength is inversely proportional to the momentum as planck’s constant is a constant lol

7
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what’s another equation?

  • wavelength= h / square root of (2*kinetic energy*mass)

  • derived from kinetic energy equation and momentum