SCHIZOPRENIA

* referes to a group of severe, disabling psychiatric disorder marked by **withdrawal from reality, illogical thinking, and possible delu and hallu**

Schizoprenia

how long does schizoprenia disturbances lasts?

at least 6 months

what stage in life does schizoprenia manifests?

* late adolescence to early adulthood
* RARELY IN CHILDHOOD
* 15 - 25 for men ; 25 to 35 for women

cause of schizoprenia?

cause unknown

* excessive dopamine activity = hallucinations

2 types of signs and symptoms for schizoprenia

1. positive or hard symptoms
2. negative or soft symptoms

* things that are added or new to your personality
* associated with **temporal lobe** abnormalities

POSITIVE OR HARD SYMPTOMS

**POSITIVE OR HARD SYMPTOMS**

* holding seemingly **contradictory beliefs** or feelings about the same person, event situation

\
* E.G: **u feel two different things about going out tonight.**

AMBIVALENCE

POSITIVE OR HARD SYMPTOMS

* imitation of movements of another person

\

ECHOPRAXIA

POSITIVE OR HARD SYMPTOMS

* cant change topic
* gusto isa lang, dun nabalik lagi

PERSEVERATION

* associated with **frontal cortex** and ventricular abnormalities
* things that are **lost** to your personality

NEGATIVE OR SOFT SYMPTOMS

NEGATIVE OR SOFT SYMPTOMS

* speak very little
* little substance of meaning
* MATIPID

ALOGIA

NEGATIVE OR SOFT SYMPTOMS

* NO JOY AND PLEASURE in life

ANHEDONIA

NEGATIVE OR SOFT SYMPTOMS

* “indifference”

APATHY

NEGATIVE OR SOFT SYMPTOMS

* restricted range of emotional feeling, tone, mood

BLUNTED EFFECT

NEGATIVE OR SOFT SYMPTOMS

* psychologically induced immobility marked by PERIODS OF agitation or excitement

CATATONIA

NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE?

* hypoactive
* withdrawn
* though blocking

NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE?

* hyperactive
* sociable
* flight of ideas

POSITIVE SYMPTOMS

COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS

* confused thinking and speeach

THOUGHT DISORDER

COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS

* child-like silliness

BIZARRE BEHAVIOR

COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS

* sounds or rhyming rather than meaning
* MAY RHYMES SA DULO, wala meaning

\
e.g “*I will take a pill if I go up the hill but not if my name is Jill, I don’t want to kill*.”

CLANG ASSOCIATIONS

COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS

* stereotyped repittion of words that may or may not have meaning to the listener
* ulit ulit dulo
* \

\
e.g: “I want to go home, go home, go home, home:

VERBIGERATION

COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS

* jumbled words and phrases that are DISCONNECTED

\
e.g: “Corn, potatoes, jump up, play games, grass, cupboard

WORD SALAD

2 INTERVENTION FOR SCHIZO NURSING DIAGNOSES

1. present reality
2. provide safety

3 PHASES OF SCHIZOPRENIA (PAR)

1. Prodromal Phase
2. Active Phase
3. Residual Phase

**PHASES OF SCHIZOPRENIA**

* occurs BEFORE HOSPITALIZATION or WITHIN YEAR
* decline from previous level
* dun na nagwwithdraw na sya from friends, families, hobbies interests

\

**PRODROMAL PHASE**

**PHASES OF SCHIZOPRENIA**

* TRIGGERED by stressful event
* may acute psychotic symptoms na; hallucinations, delusions, incoherence etc
* prognosis worsens WITH EACH ACUTE EPISODE

ACTIVE PHASE

**PHASES OF SCHIZOPRENIA**

* illness pattern is established
* disability level is STABILIZED
* late improvements may occur

RESIDUAL PHASE

5 **TYPES OF SCHIZOPRENIA**

1. Paranoid Type
2. Disorganized
3. Catatonic type
4. Undifferentiated
5. Residual

TYPES OF SCHIZOPRENIA

* feeling victimized or spied on
* frequent AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS

PARANOID TYPE

TYPES OF SCHIZOPRENIA

* magulo pinapakita
* inappropriate or flat affect, loose associations, disorganize dbehavior

e.g: sad but smiles. no reaction, combo of posi and nega symptoms

DISORGANIZED SCHIZOPRENIA

TYPES OF SCHIZOPRENIA

* MALIKOT
* magaslaw
* favorite word: NO
* di nasunod sa nurse

CATATONIC TYPE

TYPES OF SCHIZOPRENIA

* mixed schizoprenic symptoms (of other types)

UNDIFFERENTIATED

TYPES OF SCHIZOPRENIA

* characterized by at least one previous eppisode; social withdrawal, flat affect etc

RESIDUAL TYPE

RELATED DISORDERS

* pt exhibits symptoms of schizo but for less than the 6 months necessary to meet the diag criteria

SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER

**RELATED DISORDERS**

* pt has 1 OR MORE non-bizarre delusions--believable sya
* psychosocial functioning is not markedly impaired

DELUSIONAL DISORDER

RELATED DISORDERS

* SUDDEN onset of at least 1 psychotic symptom
* lasts 1 day to 1 month
* may or may not have IDENTIFIABLE STRESSOR

BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER

RELATED DISORDERS

* 2 people share a similar delusion
* 2 sila may psychotic delusions naging close

SHARED PSYCHOTIC DISORDER (folie a deux)

HOW TO DIAGNOSE SCHIZOPRENIA

1. mental status exam
2. no tool but CT scan and MRI may be used to rule out other disorders


1. what they will find; ELEVATED VBR
2. brain scan; cerebral asymmetries

WHAT DRUG THERAPY FOR SCHIZOPRENIA?

* antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs
* e.g: Chlorpromaxine (Thorazine)