1 - retribution and detterence as purposes of punishment over time

History

What is retribution as a purpose of punishment?

Retribution is punishment given to make criminals suffer in proportion to their crime.

What is deterrence as a purpose of punishment?

Deterrence is punishment intended to discourage others from committing crimes.

What is public punishment (humiliation) as a purpose of punishment?

Public punishment involves humiliating criminals as a warning to others.

What is banishment as a purpose of punishment?

Banishment involves removing criminals from society as a form of punishment.

What is rehabilitation as a purpose of punishment?

Rehabilitation aims to reform criminals so they can re-enter society.

What is restitution as a purpose of punishment?

Restitution requires criminals to compensate victims for their crimes.

How has social change influenced attitudes to punishment?

The growth of poverty and towns has influenced laws and punishments.

How have ideas and attitudes to punishment influenced change?

Religious views and the Enlightenment led to more humane punishments.

How have wealth and poverty influenced attitudes to punishment?

Poverty led to more vagrants, which resulted in stricter laws to punish them.

How have actions of individuals influenced attitudes to punishment?

Individuals like prison reformer Elizabeth Fry helped change attitudes to punishment.

How has fear of crime influenced attitudes to punishment?

Crime waves led to demands for tougher punishments.

How has the role of the media influenced attitudes to punishment?

Increased reporting of crime in newspapers gave the impression crime was increasing.

How has government attitude influenced punishment?

Laws passed by the government determine what is a crime and the necessary punishment.