PRARES COLLECTING DATA

concept sampling

acquiring representatives of population to gain and determine the parameter of the whole group

factors that affect sample selection

1. sample size

2. sampling technique

3. heterogeneity of the population

4. statistical techniques

5. time and cost

sample size

refers to how big or small the sample is

sampling technique

falls under two categories

what are the two categories of the sampling technique

probability sampling and non probability sampling

probabilty sampling

bias-free because everyone has a chance to be picked

non-probabilty sampling

prone to bias because of pre-selected sample

heterogeneity of the population

refers to the composed of population with varied characteristics

statistical technique

refers to the accuracy of the samples depend on the researchers mathematical methods

time and cost

covering a sample within the population costs a lot of time and money

probabilty sampling methods

simple sampling method

systematic

stratified

cluster

simple random sampling?

everyone has a chance like drawing lots

systematic sampling method

pick random starting point then select every interval

stratified sampling technique

divide people into groups like age then get sample from each group

cluster sampling technique

picks a whole group like whole class for example instead of individual

non probabilty sampling methods

quota

voluntary

purposive

availability

snowball

quota

pick people that match certain characteristics

voluntary

reapondes join because they want to

purposive

whose people who knows a lot about the topi

availability

pick whoever is easy to find

snowball

participants find other participants

what are research instruments

research instruments are tools designed to gather data on a topic from research subjects

guidlines in formulating surveys

1. ethics should be observed

2. consider the length of the survey

3. surveys must be free from abiguity

4. avoid double-barreled questions

types of survey questions

1. open-minded questions - no fixed answers

2. dichotomous questions - may have two answers

3. multiple response questions - may have multiple answers

4. matrix question - questions like disagree to mildly agree to neutral to agree

5. contingency question - questions for specific respondents