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Neuroglia

Supporting cells

Autonomic nervous system

Controls smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and fat cells

Sensory neurons

Carry sensory information to the brain

Dual innervation

Opposing effects

Ganglia

Masses of neuron cell bodies

Oligodendrocytes

Axons with myelin

Ascending tracts

Carry sensory information to the brain

Descending tracts

Carry motor commands to spinal cord

Saltatory propagation

Occurs along myelinated axons

Continuous propagation

Occurs along unmyelinated axons

Dura mater

Outermost covering of brain and spinal cord

Monosynaptic reflex

Stretch reflex

Sympathetic division

“Fight or flight” division

Cerebellum

Maintains muscle tone and posture

Somatic nervous system

Controls contractions of skeletal muscles

Hypothalamus

Link between nervous and endocrine systems

Medulla oblongata

Connects the brain to the spinal cord

Choroid plexus

Production of CSF

Parasympathetic division

“Rest and digest” division

Motor neurons

Carry motor commands to the spinal cord (efferent division of PNS)