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Immigration
Movement of individuals INTO a population
Emmegration
Movement of individuals OUT of a population
Population growth rate
How fast a population changes in size
Positive growth rate
increase in population
Negative growth rate
population is decreasing
Species
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Migration
A movement from one country or region to another
Exponential growth
The population starts growing slowly, but grows faster and faster as the population size increases
carrying capacity
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
K selected species
Species that produce a few, often fairly large offspring but invest a great deal of time and energy to ensure that most of those offspring reach reproductive age.
R selected species
reproduce early in their life and produce large numbers of usually small and short-lived offspring in a short period.
Trophic Level
Each step in a food chain or food web
How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?
10%
When do trophic levels max
4 or 5
Biomass
total mass of organisms at a trophic level
Autrophs
Organisms that make their own food
Heterotroph
can’t make their own food.
herbivore
A consumer that eats only plants.
Carnivores
Consumers that eat only animals
Omnivores
eat both plants and animals
Scavengers
an organism that feeds on the dead bodies of other organisms.
Decomposers
Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms and restore nutrients back into the soil for plants
Niche
Physical and environmental conditions necessary for survival
Competition in
Food, water, space, and sunlight
Interspecific competition
competition between different species
intraspecific competition
competition between members of the same species
Symbiosis
organisms that mutually benefit
Mutualistic (+/+)
both species benifeit
Commensalism (+/n)
One organisms benefits while the other remains unaffected
Parasitism (+/-)
One organism benefits and the other is harmed