Orthopedic Skeleton

Skeletal System

Skeletal System

Consists of 206 bones, cartilage, and ligaments

Structural Support

Provides support for the body, collaborates with muscles for posture maintenance, movement production, and organ protection.

Musculoskeletal System

Another term for the skeletal system

Bone

Classified as a connective tissue

Axi/o-

axis

Axial Skeleton

consist of the bones of the head, chest, and back

appendicul/o-

limb; small attached part

Appendicular Skeleton

consist of the bones of the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs

carni/o-

skull; cranium

Frontal bone

A bone located at the front of the skull, forming the forehead

Parietal bone

Two bones located at the top and sides of the skull

Occipital bone

A bone located at the back and base of the skull

Temporal bone

Bones located on each side of the skull above the ears

Sphenoid bone

A butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull

Ethmoid bone

A bone located in front of the sphenoid bone, forming part of the eye sockets and nasal cavity

Nasal bones (2)

form the bridge of the nose and the roof of the nasal cavity

vomer

narrow wall of the bone that forms the inferior part of the nasal septum and continues posteriorly to join the sphenoid bone

lacrimal bones (2)

small, flat bones within the eye sockets, near the lacrimal (tear) glands

zygomatic bones (2)

cheekbone that goes to the edge of the eye socket

maxillary (2)

upper jaw bone, contains the roots of the upper teeth and two hollow maxillary sinuses

palatine bones (2)

small, flat bones that form the posterior hard palate

mandible

lower jaw bones, only moveable bone in the skull

Ossicles

Bones in the ear arranged in a row, including the malleus, incus, and stapes

Hyoid bone

U-shaped bone in the anterior neck

Thoracic cavity

Cavity within the thorax that houses the heart, lungs, and other structures

Spine

A vertical column of bones, also called the vertebral column or spinal column

The bones of the back bear

the weight of the head, neck, and chest, and safeguard the spinal cord.

The bones of the back

Consists of 24 separate vertebrae, in addition to the sacrum and coccyx

C1 (the atlas)

first cervical vertebra located in the neck, directly below the occipital bone of the cranium

C2 (the axis)

second cervical vertebra that fits into the atlas to form a joint enabling side-to-side movement of the head

lumbar vertebrae

located in the lower back region of the spine

thoracic vertebrae (T1-T2)

• located in chest

• each joins one pair with the 12 ribs

Vertebrae that are larger in size compared to cervical or thoracic vertebrae as they support the weight of the head, neck, and trunk of the body

Lumbar

Sacrum 1

A group of five fused vertebrae located at the base of the spine

Sacrum 2

Joins with the hip bones in the posterior pelvis to form the sacroiliac joint

coccyx (tailbone)

group of several small, fused vertebrae

De human corporis fabrica

A book published in 1543 by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1546) by that showcases dissected bodies in natural poses with scenery

Illustrations of the human skeleton

Created by taking down dead bodies after public hangings and dissecting them

Highly detailed illustrations

The images in the book are intricate and thorough in their depiction of the human body

Occasionally whimsical illustrations

Some of the illustrations in the book display a playful or fanciful quality