Criminal Law and Ethical Essentials

These flashcards cover key concepts and vocabulary related to criminal law, significant legal cases, theories of criminality, and ethical considerations in the criminal justice system.

Criminal Law

Laws that define criminal acts and outline how violations will be punished.

Consensus and Conflict

Debate on whether societal order is maintained through shared agreement or inherent conflicts.

Social Contract Theory

The idea that individuals surrender some freedoms in exchange for protection from the government.

Discretion in Criminal Justice

The ability of law enforcement and judicial actors to make choices based on their judgment and the context of situations.

Melissa v. Arizona

A case establishing rules regarding jurisdiction, jury selection, and council representation.

Mens Rea

Refers to the guilty mind or intent required for criminal liability.

Actus Reus

The physical act or omission that constitutes a criminal offense.

Felony

Serious crimes that are punishable by death or more than one year in prison.

Misdemeanor

Less serious crimes punishable by fines or less than one year in jail.

Robbery

Taking something from someone using force or the threat of force.

White Collar Crime

Non-violent crime committed by individuals in their professional life, often involving financial gain.

Social Learning Theory

The theory that individuals learn behaviors by observing and imitating others.

Labeling Theory

A sociological theory suggesting that the labels society places on individuals influence their future behavior.

Utilitarianism

An ethical theory that advocates for actions that maximize overall happiness or pleasure.

Corruption in Policing

The misuse of authority by police officers for personal gain.

Meat-eaters vs Grass-eaters

Types of police corruption; meat-eaters actively engage in corrupt practices, while grass-eaters passively accept them.

Routine Activities Theory

A framework examining how changes in everyday activities can impact crime rates.

Ethics in CJ Students

Guidelines promoting ethical behavior, emphasizing common sense and foresight in decision-making.