Studied by 4 people
Characteristics of life
Reproduction and Heredity
Growth and Development
Metabolism
Movement and Irritability
Cell support, Protection, and Storage mechanisms
Transport of nutrients and waste
What is the cell membrane composed of?
phospholipid bilayer
What is the cell wall composed of?
peptidoglycan
Gram-Positive cell wall includes…
teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid
Gram-Negative cell wall includes…
inner and outer membrane, and periplasmic space
Gram-Negative outer membrane contains?
Toxic Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Porin (proteins regulating molecules entering and leaving cell)
Steps of Gram Staining
Crystal Violet (primary dye)
Gram’s iodine (mordant)
Alcohol (Decolorizer)
Safranin
Prokaryotic External Appendages
Flagella - used for motility
Pili - used to attach to other bacteria
Fimbriae - used to attach to host cells
Monotrichous
single flagellum at one end
Lophotrichous
small bunches emerging from same site
Amphitrichous
flagella at both end of cell
Peritrichous
flagella dispersed over the surface of cell
Components of Bacterial Cell
Cell Cytoplasm
Chromosome
Plasmid
Bacterial Ribosomes
Inclusions and Granules
Cytoskeleton
Types of Glycocalyx
Capsule - highly organized, tightly attached
Slime Layer - loosely organized attached
What type of cells can only make endospores
Gram-Positive
Definition of quorum sensing
Biofilms permit communication among participants
Biofilms
a complex aggregate of interacting microbial cells that adhere to each other and to surfaces by means o fa polysaccharide matrix
Vegetative cell
metabolically active and growing
Sporulaiton
formation of endospores when exposed to adverse environmental conditions; capable of high resistance and very long-term survival
Germination
return to vegetative growth
Chains of bacteria are
strepto
Irregular clusters
staphylococci
Cubical packets of cocci
sarcina
Bacilli side by side
palisades
Note 
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