Midterm Examination Outline Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the midterm examination outline related to grammar and syntax.

Noun

Represents people, places, things, ideas, and concepts.

Grammatical Category

The classification of words based on their function and form in sentences.

Inflectional Suffixes

Suffixes that modify a word to indicate plurals or possession.

Common Noun

Denotes any member of a class and does not refer to a specific entity.

Proper Noun

Specific names of things, such as individuals or locations.

Concrete Noun

A noun that can be perceived by the five senses.

Abstract Noun

Cannot be perceived by the five senses; denotes concepts like liberty or guilt.

Countable Noun

A noun that can be counted and must be preceded by a determiner in singular form.

Uncountable Noun

A noun that cannot be counted and is considered a whole.

Transitive Verb

A verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning.

Intransitive Verb

A verb that does not require a direct object.

Ditransitive Verb

A verb that requires two direct objects.

Linking Verb

Connects a subject with a subject complement.

Modal Auxiliary Verb

A helping verb that indicates possibility, necessity, permission, certainty, and prediction.

Finite Verb

A verb that agrees with the subject in person and number and indicates tense.

Non-Finite Verb

A verb that does not agree with a subject and cannot stand alone as a complete verb.

Subject

The noun or noun phrase that performs the action in the sentence.

Predicate (Predicator)

The verb phrase that expresses action or state concerning the subject.

Direct Object

The noun or noun phrase that directly receives the action of the verb.

Subject Complement

A word or phrase that follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject.

Adjunct

A phrase or word that adds extra information to the sentence but is not essential.

Phrase

A group of words that function as a single unit in a sentence.

Clause

A grammatical unit that contains a subject and a predicate.

Coordinating Conjunction

A conjunction that joins words, phrases, or clauses of equal rank.

Subordinating Conjunction

A conjunction that introduces a subordinate clause and links it to a main clause.

Preposition

A word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words in a sentence.

Demonstrative Pronoun

Pronouns that indicate specific things, such as this, that, these, and those.

Interrogative Pronoun

Pronouns used to ask questions, such as who, which, and what.

Relative Pronoun

Links clauses and phrases to nouns or pronouns (e.g., who, that, which).

Infinitive Phrase

A phrase consisting of the infinitive form of a verb and related words.

Gerund Phrase

A phrase that begins with a gerund (verb+ing) and acts as a noun.

Participial Phrase

A phrase that begins with a present or past participle and functions as an adjective.

Appositive Phrase

A noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it.

Verb Phrase

A phrase that contains the main verb and its auxiliaries.

Adverbial Clause

A subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb.

Objective Complement

A word or phrase that follows and modifies or refers to a direct object.