Untitled Flashcards Set

Control Theories

Assert that human beings are attracted to norm violations and assume that deviance is part of the natural order in society.

Social Bonding Theory

A version of social control theory by Hirschi emphasizing four parts: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.

Power-Control Theory

Developed by Hagan and colleagues, this theory posits that parental positions in the workforce affect control levels on boys and girls, influencing their likelihood of engaging in deviance.

Self-Control Theory

Gottfredson & Hirschi's theory suggesting people engage in behavior to maximize pleasure and minimize pain, stating that low self-control develops from a lack of nurturance or discipline.

Life Course Theory

Suggests individuals go through stages in life that provide social bonding opportunities, as proposed by Sampson and Laub.

Labeling Theory

Focuses on the processes through which individuals come to be labeled as deviant and how this affects their self-perception and behavior.

Primary Deviance

The initial act of rule-breaking that may go unnoticed or unlabelled.

Secondary Deviance

Deviance that occurs after an individual has been labeled as deviant, often as a response to the label.

Dialectical Materialism

A concept from Marx that emphasizes conflict and contradictions in the material world, leading to societal change.

Monopoly Capitalism

A stage of capitalism identified by Spitzer where power is consolidated among a few large entities, creating social junk and social dynamite.

Feminist Perspectives

Focus on structural inequalities faced by women, urging for changes in social structures to establish gender equity.

Intersectionality

Coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, this concept examines how various forms of discrimination intersect, impacting individuals' experiences.

Pains of Imprisonment

Gresham Sykes identified five central pains of imprisonment: deprivation of liberty, goods and services, heterosexual relationships, autonomy, and security.

Re-Entry Shock

The difficult transition faced by individuals released from prison, which can have long-lasting repercussions.

Collaterals Consequences

The negative effects of felony disenfranchisement on communities and families, including weakened social structures and increased risk of delinquency.