Comprehensive Fracture Types, Causes, and Medical Terminology in Orthopedics and Neurology

What is a closed fracture?

A fracture that does not break through the skin.

What is an open (compound) fracture?

A fracture where the bone breaks through the skin.

What is a nondisplaced fracture?

A fracture where the bone remains in its normal alignment.

What is a displaced fracture?

A fracture where the bone is pulled out of its normal alignment.

What is a Colles fracture?

A fracture of the distal radius caused by falling onto an outstretched hand.

What type of fracture is common for elders?

Colles fracture.

What is a comminuted fracture?

A fracture where the bone is crushed into several small pieces.

What typically causes a comminuted fracture?

High impact, such as car accidents or falls from great heights.

What is a compression fracture?

A fracture typical of vertebrae compressing on themselves.

What causes a compression fracture?

Falls on the butt or osteoporosis.

What is a depressed fracture?

A fracture where the cranium is fractured inward.

What typically causes a depressed fracture?

Impact with an object or motorcycle injury.

What is a greenstick fracture?

A fracture where the bone is broken on only one side.

Why are greenstick fractures typically seen in children?

Because their bones are still flexible.

What is a spiral fracture?

A fracture caused by a twisting force.

What typically causes a spiral fracture?

Falls or sports injuries.

What is a hairline fracture?

A very thin fracture line with the bone pieces still together.

What causes a hairline fracture?

Overuse, common in sports involving repetitive running and jumping.

What does OA stand for?

Osteoarthritis.

What does RA stand for?

Rheumatoid arthritis.

What does ESWT stand for?

Extrasonar wave transmission.

What does ROM stand for?

Range of motion.

What does NSAID stand for?

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

What does AKA/BKA stand for?

Above/below knee amputation.

What does THR stand for?

Total hip replacement.

What does ORIF stand for?

Open reduction and internal fixation.

What is the combining form fasci/o-?

It means fascia.

What does RICE stand for?

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate.

What does the combining form insert/o- mean?

To introduce; put in.

What does ADLs stand for?

Activities of daily living.

What does the combining form tax/o- mean?

Coordination.

What does the combining form troph/o- mean?

Development.

What does the suffix -oma mean?

Tumor.

What does the combining form kines/o- mean?

Movement.

What does the prefix ab- mean?

Away from.

What is the literal definition of anterior?

Pertaining to (the) front part.

What does OT stand for?

Occupational therapy.

What is hyperkinesis the opposite of?

Bradykinesia.

What does the combining form flex/o- mean?

Bending.

What is the medical term for inflammation of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord?

Meningitis.

What is the definition of myelitis?

Inflammation of the spinal cord.

What does the combining form dendr/o- mean?

Branching.

What is an endarterectomy?

A surgical procedure to remove plaque from the carotid artery.

Which brain structure resembles a spider web?

Arachnoid mater.

What does the combining form phas/o mean?

To speak.

What is the medical term for difficulty speaking?

Dysphasia.

What does intracranial mean?

Pertaining to within the cranium.

What does LP stand for?

Lumbar Puncture.

What does CSF stand for?

Cerebrospinal fluid.

What does NCD stand for?

Neurocognitive Disorder.

What does TIA stand for?

Transient ischemic attack.

What does CP stand for?

Cerebral palsy.

What does GCS stand for?

Glasgow Coma Scale.

What does CVA stand for?

Cardiovascular accident.

What does ICP stand for?

Intracranial pressure.

Hamstrings group

A group of muscles located at the back of the thigh, primarily responsible for knee flexion and hip extension.

Quadriceps group

A group of muscles located at the front of the thigh, primarily responsible for knee extension.

Frontal lobe

Reasoning, judgement, personality, cognition, speech centers, voluntary control of skeletal muscles

Parietal lobe

Contains somatosensory areas

Temporal lobe

Contains auditory and olfactory cortex

Occipital lobe

Visual cortex

Cerebrum

Contains cerebral cortex and functions to analyze information

Cerebellum

Coordination and equilibrium

Thalamus

Relay station for the senses

Hypothalamus

Maintaining homeostasis and coordination of pons and medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

Sets respiratory and heart rate

Pons

Relays nerve impulse from the spinal cord to the midbrain

Branching

dendr/o-

Axon

ax/o-

Few

olig/o-

Support cell

gli/o-

Small

micr/o-

Star-like

astr/o-

What is the medical term for inflammation of the membrane covering the surface of the brain and spinal cord?

Meningitis

What is an endarterectomy?

A surgical procedure to remove plaque from the carotid artery

Which brain structure resembles a spider web?

Arachnoid mater

What does the combining form phas/o mean?

To speak

What is the medical term meaning 'having the condition of difficulty speaking'?

Dysphasia