savanna raica chapter 4-Integumentary

5 function of the skin

protects 1). against microorganisms, against water loss, and against UV 2). sensory Organs 3). Temperature Regulations 4).synthesis of Vitamin D (calcitriol).

2 ways the skin regulates temperatures

1). sweat glands evaporation of sweat cools the body 2). blood flows through the cutaneous.

what happens when your skin becomes flushed

flows to skin = heat loss

what happens when your skin becomes pallid

blood flows to skin = heat loss

how is vitamin D is synthesized in the body

through calcitriol

what are the different openings of the skin into the interior of the body

the mouth, nares (nostrils), ANus, Urethral Canal (urine), and the Vaginal canal (female(birth control)).

what does calcitriol do

produce in the skin

what does strata mean

level

keratin

heard proteins

keratinocytes 

flatten cells containing much keratin proteins 

strat are keratinocytes found

skin surface

cells are in the basale or germinative layer

external pressure on the hand called

calluses

external pressure on the feet called

corns

common terms for friction ridges

finger print

2 functions of friction ridges 

grasping/ gripping things

type of connective tissue make up the dermis

irregular / regular arranged

papillary

interdigitate

interdigitate

folded together

subcutaneous

below the skin

hypodermis

superficial fascia (outer layer of muscles)

subcutaneous tissue attach the skin to

underlying tissue

3 types of hair

lanugo, down hair, and terminal

lanugo

feet hair, baby hair/peach hair

down hair

light colored hair of a child

terminal (adult) hair

thicker darker hair that begins to grow at puberty 

when dose Terminal (adult) hair appear

puberty 

sebaceous glands located

hair follicle pilocerction

what muscle cause goosebumps

piloerection

2 things that cause piloerection 

cold and frightened

five different glands on the integument

oil,sweat,scent, ceruminous (wax), and mammary glands

function of sebaceous glands

the sebum keeps the skin pliable

what is the medical term for oil

sebum

where are secretion glands located

all over your body excepts for soles and palms

cause the secretion of oil

by sex hormones ( estrogen, and testosterone)

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands

sudoriferous glands not located

lips,ears, or nipples

sweat made up of

water, NaCl, and urea

sweat glands located

axillary (armpit),genital,inguinal, and perianal region

ceruminous glands

wax glands

ceruminous glands located

in the external auditory meatus (external ear)

areolar glands also known as 

mammary glands

function of areolar glands

breastfeeding

colostrum

before breast feeding

breast milk is made up of

high lactose, high fat, high calcium, and antibodies

when dose breast milk come in 

4th day after childbirth 

why are there no blood vessels in the epidermis of the skin

because the epithelial tissue is avascular (non-vascular)

medical term for bruise

Ecchymosis

3 types of sensory nerve fibers in the skin

thermoreceptors (tempeture), mechanoreceptors ( touch / pressure), nociceptores (pain)

what does innervate mean

provide / support

protein that makes up the nail

eponychium, and cutaneous

six viral infections of the skin

small and chicken pox, measles (rubeola), German measles (rubella), cold sores and fevers, and warts 

patho

diseases

treatment for most viral infections

antibodies

3 examples of bacterial infections of the skin

pimples and boils, acne, and chancre

pimples and boils

staphylococcus (staph infection)

treatment for bacterial infections of the skin

antibodies 

4 fungal infections of the skin

athletes foot, ringworm, crotch eczema, and vaginal yeast infections

allergies

hypersensitivity to an innocuous (harmless)

innocuous

harmless

treat allergic reaction 

antihistamine 

moles

pigmented elevation of the skin

keratosis

skin tags with a brownish, warty growth

bedsores

decubitus ulcers (sores) with a red sore that forms over hon prominences in bed-ridden patients,due to poor circulations 

albinism

genetically unable to make melainne

jaundice

yellowing of the skin caused by hyperbilirubinemia

keloids

connective tissue scar mass resulting from traumatic injury or burn

3 types of burns

1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns

level of skin that 1st degree burns effect

ephidrosis

level of burn that 2nd degree burns effect

intradermal

level of skin that 3rd degree burns effect

complete burn

rules of nines used for 

to measure burns