parasitology amoebozoa group

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36 Terms

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amoebozoa common traits

no flagella or outside tendril — move with lobopodia

loss of functional mitochondria

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entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

central endosome in nucleus

smooth nuclear membrane chromatin

RBC in vacuoles

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entamoeba histolytica cyst

4 nuclei with central endosome

smooth nuclear membrane chromatin

round chromatid bars

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entamoeba histolytica geographical location

globally widespread— escpecially in central america, central africa, and south asia

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entamoeba histolytica pathology

etiological agent of amoebic dysentery (amoebiasis)

produces enzymes that lyse host cells resulting in flask shaped ulcer in wall.

results in peritonitis of wall of LI— can lead to sepsis (the killer)

can move to ectopic sites via portal vein/circulatory system

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entamoeba histolytica symptoms

90% cases asymptomatic

dysentery, cramping, abdominal pain, water or bloody diarrhea, weight loss

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entamoeba histolytica site of infection

Large intestine

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entamoeba histolytica life cycle

monoxenous

not zooinotic

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entamoeba histolytica infectious stage

cyst

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entamoeba histolytica primary site of infection

lumen of the large intestine

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entamoeba histolytica symptoms

dysentery, cramping, abdominal pain, water or bloody diarrhea, weight loss

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entamoeba histolytica cause of symptoms

produce enzyme to lyse host cells

creates flask shaped ulcer in wall as it consumes cells of submucosa

can result in peritonitis if wall of LI is perforated by ulcer

can move to ectopic sites

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entamoeba histolytica diagnosis

cysts in feces, x-rays in ectopic sites, PCR and serological assays

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entamoeba histolytica treatment

antibiotics (metronidazole, tinidazole); nitazoxanide

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entamoeba histolytica transmission

cysts in water and food

hand to mouth

anal sex

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whos at risk for entamoeba histolytica

tropical and subtropical regions of central and south america, asia, africa

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga troph stage

amoeboid form

filliform pseudopodia (no flagella)

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga cyst stage

irregular cyst wall

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga parasitism requirements

facultative parasite: in the environment. doesnt need a host or to be parasitic—but can be pathogenic when encountered

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga lifecycle

monoxenous, even with facultative living

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga transmission

contact lens solution

hot tubs

can enter humans through the eye, nasal, or broken skin

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga pathology

etiological agent of Acanthamoeba keratitis—infection of the eye

can cause disease in other places

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga infectious stage

troph

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga diagnosis

troph and cyst in culture from the eye and serology

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga symptoms

ulceration of cornea

stays fairly surface level. but still damaging to—-vision loss

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Acanthamoeba polyphaga treatment

topical antibiotic but hard to treat

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Alveolata: phylum ciliophora characteristics

multiple cilia

infraciliature (allows all cilia to move together)

macro and micro nucleus

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Balantioides coli troph

multiple cilia, macro nucleus and micronucleus

gigantic as far as protozoians go

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Balantioides coli cyst

macro and micro nucleus

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Balantioides coli life cycle

zoonotic in pigs

monoxenous — pig is alternate host, not intermediate host so doesn’t count as hetero

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Balantioides coli infective stage

cyst

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Balantioides coli pathology

etiological agent of Balantidiosis

produces enzymes to lyse host cells—creates flask shaped ulcer in wall of large intestine

can move to ectopic site

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Balantioides coli symptoms

can be asymptomatic

chronic infections: no bloody diarrhea, cramping, bad breath, abdominal pain

acute infection: mucoid, bloody stool, dysentery

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Balantioides coli site of infection

colon and cecum (large intestine)

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Balantioides coli geographic distribution

global, but not high in numbers

pig farmers and pig raising regions at risk

water is vehicle for most cases, but human-human transfer possible

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ciliates of non-human hosts in aquariums

ichthyophthirius multifilis

cryptocaryon irritans

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