Practice Exam 2 Review - Distillation, Chromatography, and Spectroscopy

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the Practice Exam related to distillation, chromatography, and spectroscopy.

Distillation

A separation technique that relies on differences in boiling points to separate components in a liquid mixture.

Boiling Point (bp)

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure.

Gas Chromatography (GC)

An analytical technique used to separate and analyze compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)

A method for separating non-volatile mixtures by spreading them on a stationary phase and using a solvent as a mobile phase.

Rf value

The retention factor, calculated as the distance traveled by the compound divided by the distance traveled by the solvent front in TLC.

Substitution Reactions

Chemical reactions in which one functional group in a molecule is replaced by another functional group.

SN1 Mechanism

A substitution reaction mechanism that involves a two-step process with a carbocation intermediate.

SN2 Mechanism

A substitution reaction mechanism that involves a single concerted step where the nucleophile attacks as the leaving group departs.

Temperature-Composition Diagram

A graphical representation showing the relationship between the temperature and composition of a mixture during distillation.

Base Peak

The peak in a mass spectrum that has the highest intensity, representing the most stable ion produced in the mass spectrometry analysis.