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121 Terms

1
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Клиническая психология

Наука о психологических расстройствах и методах их изучения, диагностики и лечения.

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Клинический метод

Метод длительного изучения личности, включая наблюдение и экспериментальные методики для углубленного исследования психики.

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Психосоциальные факторы

Социальные и психологические аспекты, влияющие на развитие и течение психических расстройств.

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Нарушения внимания

Затруднения в сосредоточении, переключении внимания и его устойчивости.

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Деменция

Синдром, характеризующийся прогрессирующим снижением познавательной деятельности.

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Экзистенциальная психология

Направление психологии, акцентирующее внимание на свободе воли, ответственности и поиске смысла жизни.

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Алекситимия

Состояние, характеризующееся затрудненностью в вербализации эмоций и чувству создания.

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Психотерапия

Метод лечения, направленный на изменение поведения и мышления пациента с помощью разговора.

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Дизонтогенез

Отклонения в нормальном развитии в результате различных факторов.

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Социофобия

Страх социальных ситуаций, вызванный опасениями быть осуждённым или униженным.

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Когнитивная терапия

Психотерапевтический подход, основанный на изменении искажённых или негативных убеждений.

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Патопсихология

Отрасль психологии, исследующая причины и механизмы психических расстройств.

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Психосоматика

Дисциплина, изучающая взаимосвязь между психологическими и соматическими (телесными) процессами.

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Конверсийные расстройства

Состояния, проявляющиеся физическими симптомами, имеющими психологическую природу.

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Тревожные расстройства

Группа расстройств, характеризующихся интенсивным чувством тревоги и страха.

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Поведенческая терапия

Направление терапии, сосредотачивающееся на изменении нежелательного поведения пациента.

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Неправильная самооценка

Ограниченная или искаженная восприятие своих способностей и ценностей.

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патопсихология

Наука о психических расстройствах и их симптомах, механизмах и патогенезе.

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Семейная терапия

Подход, цель которого состоит в изменение динамики и взаимодействий в семье, чтобы помочь её членам.

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Автономия в психотерапии

Способность пациента действовать и принимать решения, основываясь на собственном знании и опыте.

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Системная терапия

Метод психотерапии, озабоченный отношениями и взаимодействиями между членами системы, т.е. семьи.

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Перенос

Эмоциональные реакции клиента, перенесённые на терапевта, отражающие его прошлые отношения.

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Контрперенос

Эмоциональные реакции терапевта на переживания клиента, возникающие в ходе терапии.

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Гуманистический подход

Направление в психотерапии, акцентирующее внимание на саморазвитии и самореализации пациента.

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Наркотическая зависимость

Психическая и физическая зависимость от наркотических веществ, ведущая к нарушению жизнедеятельности.

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Депрессия

Состояние, характеризующееся стойким снижением настроения и утратой интереса к жизни.

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Агорафобия

Страх открытых пространств и ситуаций, где может быть трудно избежать или получить помощь.

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Диссоциативные расстройства

Расстройства, связанные с нарушением интеграции сознания, памяти и идентичности.

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Невроз

Патологическое состояние, характеризующееся хроническим стрессом и эмоциональным расстройством.

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Эндогенные расстройства

Психические расстройства, возникающие из внутренних факторов, таких как генетическая предрасположенность.

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Коморбидность

Сосуществование у одного пациента двух и более заболеваний, связанных между собой.

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Невротическая реакция

Временные психические расстройства, возникающие как ответ на стрессовые события.

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Методы психодиагностики

Стратегии и методики, используемые для оценки и диагностики психических расстройств.

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Проблема распада и развития в психологии

Вопрос о соотношении нормального и аномального развития в контексте психических заболеваний.

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Терапевтический альянс

Сотрудничество между терапевтом и клиентом, основанное на доверии и общих целях.

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Феноменология

Подход в психологии, фокусирующийся на субъективном опыте и восприятии человека.

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Гештальт-терапия

Метод терапии, сосредоточенный на целостном восприятии и раскрытии внутреннего опыта пациента.

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Развитие личности

Процесс формирования личностных качеств и идентичности человека.

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Психические расстройства у пожилых

Психологические нарушения, возникающие в результате старения и связанных с ним заболеваний.

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Когнитивные искажения

Ошибочные убеждения, которые влияют на восприятие и поведение человека.

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Психосоматика расстройств

Исследование связи между психическими расстройствами и телесными изменениями.

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Томаса Шеффа

Основоположник теории ярлыков в социологии, связанной с ярлыками психических заболеваний.

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Психиатрическая экспертиза

Оценка психического состояния человека для определения его психической дееспособности.

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Контекстуальность

Признак, который указывает на то, что феномен не существует в изоляции, а является частью общего.

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Тест Роршаха

Проективный тест, основанный на интерпретации чернильных пятен для оценки личности.

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What is clinical psychology?

Clinical psychology is the science of psychological disorders and the methods for studying, diagnosing, and treating them.

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What methods are utilized in clinical psychology?

Clinical psychology uses various methods including observation, interviews, and standardized tests to assess psychological conditions.

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What is the focus of cognitive therapy?

Cognitive therapy focuses on changing distorted or negative thought patterns to improve emotional states.

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What are common techniques used in behavioral therapy?

Common techniques in behavioral therapy include reinforcement, exposure therapy, and behavioral modification strategies.

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What is the significance of therapeutic alliance?

The therapeutic alliance is crucial as it fosters trust and collaboration between therapist and client.

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What is the role of psychometric assessment in clinical psychology?

Psychometric assessments are used to measure and quantify psychological traits, disorders, and behaviors.

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What are anxiety disorders?

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health disorders characterized by excessive fear or anxiety.

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What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

Psychologists provide therapy and counseling, while psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medication.

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What does family therapy aim to address?

Family therapy aims to improve communication and resolve conflicts within family dynamics.

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What is the primary focus of existential psychology?

Existential psychology focuses on individual freedom, responsibility, and the search for meaning in life.

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What is alexithymia?

Alexithymia is a condition characterized by difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions.

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What symptoms are associated with depression?

Depression symptoms include persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, and feelings of hopelessness.

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How do psychotic disorders manifest?

Psychotic disorders manifest through symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

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What are psychotherapeutic approaches utilized in clinical settings?

Common psychotherapeutic approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapy, humanistic therapy, and psychodynamic therapy.

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What is the purpose of group therapy?

Group therapy aims to provide support, share experiences, and foster interpersonal skills through group interaction.

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What are the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Symptoms of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior.

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What is the definition of comorbidity in clinical psychology?

Comorbidity refers to the occurrence of two or more disorders or medical conditions in the same individual.

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What are the key features of psychosis?

Key features of psychosis include impaired reality perception, significant disturbances in thought processes, and emotional flatness.

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What is the role of a clinical psychologist?

A clinical psychologist assesses, diagnoses, and treats mental health disorders and provides therapeutic support.

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How does cognitive-behavioral therapy help clients?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps clients by addressing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors to change emotional responses.

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What is the focus of humanistic therapy?

Humanistic therapy emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the individual's subjective experiences.

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What are the stages of change in behavior modification?

The stages include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

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What are dissociative disorders?

Dissociative disorders are characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception.

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What is the purpose of psychotropic medications?

Psychotropic medications are prescribed to treat various mental health disorders by altering brain function.

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What techniques are used in exposure therapy?

Exposure therapy uses gradual exposure to fear-inducing stimuli to reduce anxiety and avoidance behavior.

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How does mindfulness contribute to therapy?

Mindfulness promotes awareness and presence in the moment, helping clients to manage stress and improve emotional regulation.

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What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

OCD symptoms include intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that the person feels driven to perform.

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What does stigma around mental illness refer to?

Stigma refers to negative attitudes and beliefs about mental illness that can lead to discrimination and social exclusion.

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What is the focus of narrative therapy?

Narrative therapy centers on the stories people tell about their lives and encourages them to reframe their narratives.

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What is psychopathy?

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy, and remorse.

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What are the indications for seeking psychotherapy?

Indications include prolonged feelings of sadness, anxiety, trauma, or difficulties in relationships.

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What role does environment play in psychological disorders?

Environment can significantly influence the development and progression of psychological disorders.

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What is the aim of community psychology?

Community psychology aims to enhance well-being through social change and the collective empowerment of communities.

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What is a mental health crisis?

A mental health crisis is a situation where an individual experiences a significant deterioration in mental health and requires immediate support.

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What are the factors contributing to substance use disorders?

Factors include genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and psychological disorders.

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What is cognitive dissonance?

Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort experienced when holding conflicting beliefs or attitudes.

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What is the process of diagnostic assessment?

Diagnostic assessment involves gathering comprehensive information to identify psychological conditions and inform treatment.

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What are non-pharmacological interventions in mental health?

Non-pharmacological interventions include psychotherapy, behavioral therapies, and lifestyle modifications.

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What is the prevalence of mental illness globally?

Approximately one in four people globally will experience a mental health issue at some point in their lives.

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What does relapse mean in the context of mental health?

Relapse refers to a return to symptoms of a mental health disorder after a period of improvement.

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What is the role of supervision in clinical psychology practice?

Supervision provides guidance, support, and professional development for psychologists in training.

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What is the purpose of psychological evaluations?

Psychological evaluations are conducted to assess an individual's mental health functioning and need for treatment.

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What is a maladaptive coping mechanism?

Maladaptive coping mechanisms are strategies that may temporarily relieve stress but ultimately worsen problems.

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What is the biopsychosocial model?

The biopsychosocial model suggests that psychological disorders result from the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.

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What are psychotic episodes?

Psychotic episodes are periods where an individual may lose touch with reality, experiencing hallucinations or delusions.

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What does positive psychology emphasize?

Positive psychology emphasizes strengths, virtues, and factors that promote human flourishing and well-being.

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What is a supportive therapy?

Supportive therapy aims to provide emotional support and aid coping during challenging times.

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What are the signs of borderline personality disorder?

Signs include intense emotional instability, impulsive behavior, and challenges in relationships.

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What is the function of a cognitive behavioral therapist?

A cognitive behavioral therapist helps clients identify and modify unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors.

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What does the term 'psychotherapeutic techniques' refer to?

Psychotherapeutic techniques refer to the specific methods used by therapists to facilitate healing and personal growth.

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What is the impact of childhood trauma on adult mental health?

Childhood trauma can lead to long-term psychological issues, including anxiety, depression, and difficulty in relationships.

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What are the ethical considerations in clinical psychology?

Ethical considerations include confidentiality, informed consent, and avoiding harm to clients.

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What is the role of narrative in therapy?

Narrative plays a role in therapy by helping clients understand and reshape their life stories to foster healing.

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What are the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

PTSD symptoms include flashbacks, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, and hyperarousal.

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What is the principle of least restrictive intervention?

The principle advocates for the least restrictive form of intervention necessary to ensure safety and autonomy for individuals.