Psych-Unit 4 Test

Internal Locus of Control

Individuals believe they have control over their own lives and outcomes through their actions

External Locus of Control

Individuals believe that external forces, such as fate, luck, or other people, control outcomes

Actor-Observer Bias

Explain your own behavior differently from explaining someone else doing the same behavior.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

An expectation, either positive or negative, about people or events that may affect a person's behavior, causing those expectations to be fulfilled

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency of people to overestimate the effect of personality and underestimate the effect of circumstances in viewing another person's behavior

Relative Deprivation

A concept used to explain the feeling of being deprived or lacking in comparison to others, particularly in terms of justice, equity, and social positions

Self-Serving Bias

An individual's tendency to attribute positive events to their character, but attribute negative results or events to external factors unrelated to themselves and their faults

Out-Group Homogeneity Bias

The outgroup homogeneity bias describes our tendency to believe that members of a group we are not part of (the outgroup) are very similar to each other

Ingroup Bias

The tendency of people to give preferential treatment to others who belong to the same group as they do

Just-World Phenomenon

The cognitive bias that assumes that "people get what they deserve"

Implicit Attitude

Evaluations that occur without conscious awareness towards an attitude

Cognitive Dissonance

The unease or discomfort you experience when you have ideas or beliefs that aren't consistent with one another

Conformation Bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, favor and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs

Normative Social Influence

Where a person conforms in order to be accepted and belong to a group

Asch Experiment

Examines subjects' willingness to conform to obviously incorrect beliefs due to social pressure

Informational Social Influence

where a person conforms to gain knowledge, or because they believe that someone else is 'right'

Central Route

A logic-driven approach, using data and facts to convince people of an argument

Peripheral Route

When people are persuaded by factors other than the arguments or content of a message, such as emotional appeals or attractive visuals, rather than the actual merits of the product or idea

Social Loafing

An individual exerts less effort to meet a goal when working in a group than they do working individually

Group Polarization

A person holds more extreme views when in a group

Social Facilitation

The presence of others can influence a person's performance

Diffusion of Responsibility

An individual does not take action or step forward to help another person when a group of people is present

Group Think

Occurs when people's desire to maintain group loyalty becomes more important than making the best choices

Superordinate Goals

A goal that can only be reached by two or more people working together

Social Trap

A situation in which a group intentionally works for short-term gains at the expense of long-term, widespread negative consequences

Altruism

a motivational state that a person possesses with the goal of benefiting another person

Collectivism

a worldview in which social behavior is guided largely by goals that are shared by a collective

Social Reciprocity Norm

the rule of human interaction that says people need to reciprocate the action of another person

Prosocial Behavior

A behavior that includes cooperating, helping, comforting, sharing, and giving

Industrial-Organizational Psych

The scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the workplace

Humanistic Theory

a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person

Psychodynamic Theory

A psychological framework that explores the interplay between the conscious and unconscious aspects of the mind

Social Cognitive Theory

Emphasizes the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behavior, and their environments.

Trait Theory

The idea that people differ from one another based on the strength and intensity of basic traits

Reaction Formation

A defense mechanism in which people express the opposite of their true feelings

Sublimation

A defense mechanism that involves channeling unwanted or unacceptable urges into an admissible or productive outlet

Self-Actualization

The process of realizing one's potential and functioning at an optimal level

Reciprocal Determinism

A person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment

Unconditional Positive Regard

Showing complete support and acceptance of a person, no matter what that person says or does

Self-Efficacy

A person's belief in their ability to complete a task or achieve a goal

Projective Test

the use of ambiguous, unstructured stimuli designed to elicit responses in which individuals 'project' aspects of themselves(inkblot)

Factor Analysis

A statistical method find that clusters of questions showcase personality