AP Psych - Unit 5 Vocab

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34 Terms

1

withdrawal

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

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2

REM rebound

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

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3

addiction

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences

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4

amphetamines

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

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5

REM sleep

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep state during which vivid dreams commonly occur (also known as paradoxical sleep)

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6

latent content

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

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7

night terrors

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

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8

narcolepsy

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

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9

Ecstasy (MDMA)

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

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10

Hallucinogens

psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

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11

posthypnotic suggestions

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

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12

hypnosis

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

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13

Near-Death Experience

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

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14

dream

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

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15

consciousness

an awareness of ourselves and our environment

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16

dissociation

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

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17

Methamphetamine

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

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18

stimulants

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

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19

manifest content

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

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20

THC

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

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21

hallucinations

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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22

alpha waves

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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23

barbiturates

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

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24

sleep apnea

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

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25

opiates

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

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26

LSD

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide)

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27

depressants

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

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28

tolerance

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

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29

delta waves

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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30

circadian rhythm

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle

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31

insomnia

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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32

sleep

periodic, natural loss of consciousness – as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

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NREM sleep

non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

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34

psychological dependence

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

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