AP World History 7.1-7.4 Flashcards

collectivize

The transfer of ownership from individuals to collective entities.

kolkhoz

A collective farm in the Soviet Union.

corporatism

An economic system where sectors cooperate under state control.

Great Depression

A global economic downturn beginning in 1929.

New Deal

A series of programs in the U.S. to address the Great Depression.

New Economic Plan

A temporary retreat from strict communist policies in Russia.

Five-Year Plan

A government program to improve economic productivity in the Soviet Union.

John Maynard Keynes

Economist advocating for government intervention in economies.

Russian Civil War

A conflict following the Russian Revolution, fighting for control.

Spanish Civil War

A conflict between Republicans and Nationalists in Spain, 1936-1939.

Guernica

A town attacked during the Spanish Civil War, symbolizing civilian suffering.

Politburo

The executive committee of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union.

Institutional Revolutionary Party

A dominant political party in Mexico post-revolution.

Nationalists

Forces led by Franco opposing the Spanish Republic.

Republicans

Supporters of the Spanish Republic during the civil war.

Luftwaffe

The aerial warfare branch of the German military.

PEMEX

The Mexican state-owned petroleum company

Lusitania

British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat, leading to U.S. anger.

Zimmermann Telegram

Intercepted communication proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the U.S.

ANZAC

Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, known for their campaign at Gallipoli.

Gallipoli

A failed military campaign during World War I on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

Paris Peace Conference

1919 meeting of Allied leaders to negotiate peace after World War I.

Big Four

Key leaders at the Paris Peace Conference: Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau, Orlando.

Woodrow Wilson

U.S. President advocating for "peace without victory" and self-determination.

David Lloyd George

British Prime Minister who sought to punish Germany after the war.

Georges Clemenceau

French Prime Minister demanding strict reparations from Germany.

Fourteen Points

Wilson's proposal for a fair peace and creation of a League of Nations.

League of Nations

International organization founded to promote peace and cooperation.

Treaty of Versailles

1919 agreement imposing harsh penalties on Germany post-World War I.

Weimar Republic

German government established after World War I, faced significant challenges.

All Quiet on the Western Front

A novel depicting the grim realities of trench warfare.

Great War

The first global conflict involving numerous nations from 1914 to 1918.

Gavrilo Princip

Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, igniting World War I.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination triggered the war.

Allies

Nations fighting alongside the Triple Entente during World War I.

Central Powers

Coalition during World War I primarily consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

Black Hand

Serbian nationalist organization aimed at ending Austro-Hungarian rule in the Balkans.

Ethnic Conflict

Tension and disputes between different ethnic groups within a state, often leading to violence or social unrest.

Bolshevik

Revolutionary group in Russia advocating for the working-class control of production, leading to the establishment of a communist government after the 1917 revolution.

Young Turks

Reformist group in the late Ottoman Empire promoting modernization and Turkish nationalism, seeking to restore a constitutional government.

Mexican Revolution

Armed struggle (1910-1920) against the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, aiming for political change and land reform in Mexico.

Sun Yat-sen

Chinese revolutionary leader who played a pivotal role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty and advocating for democratic governance in early 20th-century China.

Kemal Ataturk

Founder of modern Turkey and its first president, known for implementing significant secular and modernizing reforms following the Ottoman Empire's collapse.

Porfirio Díaz

Mexican dictator whose long rule ended with the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910, marked by suppression of opposition and foreign control over resources.

Francisco Madero

Opposition leader who initiated the Mexican Revolution by challenging Díaz's authoritarian regime and advocating for democratic reforms.

Francisco “Pancho” Villa

Prominent Mexican revolutionary general who fought for land reform and social justice, becoming a key figure in the Mexican Revolution.

Emiliano Zapata

Revolutionary leader in Mexico known for advocating land redistribution to peasants, becoming a symbol of agrarian rights during the Mexican Revolution.

Soviet Union

A socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991, characterized by a one-party system led by the Communist Party and a centrally planned economy.