APES 3.1-3.5 quiz

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51 Terms

1
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live in a large range of conditions

niche generalists

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live in a small range of conditions

niche specialists

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niche generalists examples

raccoons, black bears

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niche specialists examples 

pandas, koalas 

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list the factors used to compare reproductive strategies

maturity time, gestation length, litter size, # of reproductive events, parental care, competition among offspring

6
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k selected species have a ___ growth rate 

low 

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k species populations are generally ______

consistent (low fluctuations, carrying capacity)

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k-selected species— maturity

slow

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k-selected species— gestation period

long

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k-selected species— litter size

small

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k-selected species— reproductive events

few

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k-selected species— parental care 

high

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k-selected species— competition among offspring

less

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what does the survivorship curve of a k-selected species population look like?

stays consistently high and then drops with old age (type 1)

<p>stays consistently high and then drops with old age (type 1)</p>
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examples of k-selected species

humans, elephants 

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r-selected species have a ___ growth rate

high

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r-selected species often have …

big population booms and die offs

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example of r-selected species

rabbits, cockroaches 

19
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most invasive species are __-selected species

R

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survivorship curve, x axis=

age/time

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survivorship curve, y axis=

# of survivors

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what does the survivorship curve of an r-selected species population look like?

starts high with an immediate die off and then levels out at the end (type 3)

<p>starts high with an immediate die off and then levels out at the end (type 3)</p>
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there are _ types of survivorship curves

3

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survivorship curve— type 1

high survival rates, consistent, die off as they get old

(commonly k-selected species, humans, elephants)

<p>high survival rates, consistent, die off as they get old</p><p>(commonly k-selected species, humans, elephants)</p>
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survivorship curve— type 2

constant decline throughout their entire lives

(squirrels, corals)

<p>constant decline throughout their entire lives </p><p>(squirrels, corals)</p>
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survivorship curve— type 3

low survivorship at young age, few who reach adulthood live a while

(commonly r-selected species, mice, frogs)

<p>low survivorship at young age, few who reach adulthood live a while</p><p>(commonly r-selected species, mice, frogs)</p>
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limit to the # of organisms an environment can sustain

carrying capacity (k)

<p>carrying capacity&nbsp;(k)</p>
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number of kids an animal can produce in a certain time period 

minus

the deaths of the kids or the animal during that same time 

population growth rate 

29
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the growth rate of a population under ideal conditions 

intrinsic growth rate (r)

<p>intrinsic growth rate&nbsp;(r)</p>
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r-selected species experience extreme ___ ____ (_) when conditions are good

intrinsic growth (r)

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factors that influence an individuals probability of survival/reproduction that depends on the population size

density-dependent factors

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factors that influence an individuals probability of survival/reproduction regardless of the population size

density-independent factors

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examples of density dependent factors 

competition, disease

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examples of density-independent factors

weather, human activities (deforestation, pollination)

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which 2 models are used to predict population size

exponential and logistic

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logistic and exponential models are examples of ___ ___ models

population growth

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populations with rapid growth, not limited by resources 

exponential growth model

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exponential models create a ….

j shaped curve

<p>j shaped curve </p>
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initial growth is rapid but slows as population reaches K (carrying capacity)

logistic growth model

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logistic models create an … 

s shaped curve 

<p>s shaped curve&nbsp;</p>
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exponential models show

density-independent growth patterns

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logistic models show

density-dependent growth patterns

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something that a population cannot live without

limiting resource

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total number of individuals in an area during a specific time

population size (N)

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number of individuals per unit area

population density

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how individuals are spaced within an area

population distribution

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ratio between male and females

population sex ratio

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how many individuals fit into specific age cohorts

population age structure

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3 types of population distribution

random, uniform, clumped

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growing populations tend to have ___ bases

wide

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age group of females from 0-14 on a graph are known as ____ _____

pre-reproductive females