A set of laboratory practices that ensure reliable outcomes for patient results is
Quality Assurance
which of the following is the most important element of standard precautions?
Handwashing
Production, development, and maturation of all blood cells is called?
Hematopoiesis
The development order for Red Blood Cells (RBCs) is which of the following?
Pronormoblast, basophilic normoblast, polychromatophilic normoblast, orthochromic normoblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
How many parameters does a CBC have?
9
When viewing a slide with a 100x objective and 10x ocular lens, what is the total magnification?
1000
The most stable parameter of a CBC
MCV
Intrinsic factor, secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach, is necessary for
absorption of b12
Pancytopenia means
Low WBC, RBC, PLT
n which of the following conditions should a CBC be placed at 37 degree C for 15-30 minutes before running the test?
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome
A male with sickle cell (SS) and a female sickle cell trait (AS) have what likelihood of having a child with sickle cell anemia?
50%
It is common to see increased RBC inclusions post splenectomy
True
Hypersegmentation means
Neutrophil has more than 5 lobes
An enzyme deficiency associated with a moderate to severe hemolytic anemia after the patient is exposed to certain drugs or infections and characterized by red cell inclusions formed by denatured hemoglobin is:
G6PD deficiency
In which of the following, are smudge cells usually present?
CLL
Which of the following is an abnormal protein that is is an overproduction of IgM?
Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Reed-Sternberg cells are present in
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Lymphocytes in CLL are
increased in number and nonfunctional
What is the cytochemical stain used to diagnosis Hairy cell leukemia?
TRAP
Which disease results in an accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow?
Multiple Myeloma
What is the red cell condition known for looking like a stack of coins and caused by abnormal proteins?
Roleaux
Bence-Jones protein is found in the urine of patients with
Multiple Myeloma
Preleukemia, Dysmyelopoietic syndrome, Oligoblastic anemia, and Refractory anemias are all other names for what syndromes?
Myelodysplastic syndromes
All of the coagulation factors except a portion of factor VIII are produced in
The liver
A patient with classic Hemophilia A is deficient in
Factor VIII
Which lab test measures the extrinsic pathway?
PT
Which lab test measures the intrinsic pathway?
PTT
The anticoagulant of choice for coagulation testing is (blue-top tube)
Sodium citrate
The blood–to–anticoagulant ratio for coagulation testing is
9:1
Which of the following is a normal platelet count?
212,000
The most common drug related platelet abnormality is due to
aspirin
Any group of disorders in which a particular clotting factor is decreased is referred to as
Hemophilia
The principal substrate of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system isis
fibrinogen
Which of the following short-term anticoagulant drugs, administered by intravenous infusion, is monitored by the PTT value?
Heparin
The international normalized ratio (INR) is useful in:
monitoring coumadin therapy
What is the expected Prothrombin (PT) result in a patient who is on coumadin and is stable?
26 seconds
Obstetrical complications like retained placenta or abruption placenta are a leading cause of:
DIC
A normal cerebrospinal fluid has a clear and colorless appearance.
True
Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), synovial fluids, and serous fluids (pericardial, pleural and peritoneal) have cellular elements which often change in predictable patterns with disease states.
True
What department is the CSF tube labeled 3 routinely sent to?
Hematology
A total CSF cell count on a clear fluid should be:
counted undiluted
The purpose of adding albumin to body fluids before cytocentrifugation is to:
increase the cell yield and decrease cellular distortion
Before testing, viscous synovial fluid should be treated with :
hyaluronidase
The procedure for collecting synovial fluid is called:
Arthrocentesis
The procedure for collecting pleural fluid is called:
thoracentesis
A milky-appearing pleural fluid indicates:
thoracic duct leakage or chronic inflammation
A significant cell found in pericardial or pleural fluid that should be referred to cytology is a:
mesothelioma cell
The most characteristic change seen in the peripheral smear of a patient with multiple myeloma is the presence of:
Roleaux
The JAK2 chromosomal mutation is associated with
Polycythemia vera
According to current WHO classification criteria, acute leukemia is characterized by which of the following?
Hypercellular bone marrow with greater than 20% blasts
_____ is predominantly a disease of children.
ALL
An autosomal disorder that manifests itself with large lysosomal inclusions, recurring infections, and albinism is
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
The best corrective action for a patient who exhibits platelet satellitium on peripheral blood smear is to
redraw the sample in sodium citrate
Toxic vacuolization occurs most frequently in
neutrophils
Patients with hemophilia A or B have abnormal results in which coagulation assay?
PTT
Which of the following is the most useful in differentiating hemophilia A from hemophilia B?
Factor Assays
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by the EBV virus, which infects B lymphocytes.
True
In the Hematology lab, it is necessary to wear PPE in the following circumstance
When handling any specimen
The variability of events that can occur to an unknown sample before analysis
preanalytical
Delta Check
QC method for comparing a patient's own current results with previously verified results
reference intervals
values that have been established for a particular analyte, method, or instrument in a particular patient population.
which is a normal hemoglobin value
15 g/dL
used to monitor performance of a method after callibration
Control Materials
Primary purpose of hemoglobin
deliver oxygen
Morphological classification of anemia is determined by
Red cell indices
values outside of the reference range that need immediate action are
critical results
Which of the following tests monitors RBC production
reticulocyte count
in an adult, the usual location for obtaining a bone marrow aspirate is the
illiac crest
The proper definition of a standard is
solutions with a known amount of (fixed) analyte
the majority of iron found in an adult is found in
hemoglobin
Heinz bodies are
unable to be seen with typical, commonly used staining methods
average lifespan of an RBC
120 days
Howell-jolly bodies are remnants of:
DNA
An early indicator of an anemic process may be
RDW
hypochromia is used to define
decrease in hemoglobin content of RBCs
An unusual finding in intravascular hemolysis is
hemoglobinuria may be present
normal adult hemoglobin consists of how many heme molecules?
four
Hormone responsible for RBC production
erythropoietin/EPO
Where is EPO produced?
the kidneys
another name for orthochromic normoblast
nRBC
Which settings on the microscope are used for focusing?
coarse and fine adjustments
The most important preanalytical step
Patient identification
Function of the spleen in adults
removing imperfect and old RBCs
Sickles that are able to be reoxygenated are labelled
reversible
macrocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils indicate which type of anemia?
megaloblastic anemia
Alpha thalassemia major results from
not enough functional hemoglobin A produced
Beta thalassemia major results from
no Hemoglobin A being synthesized
aplastic anemia is characterized by
pancytopenia and reticulocytopenia
What test is used to confirm a positive sickle cell screening test
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
What red cell inclusion may be present post-splenectomy
Howell-Jolly bodies
Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis is a red cell membrane defect characterized by
misshapen budding fragmented cells
Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by
decreased serum iron, decreased serum ferritin, increased TIBC
Macrocytes typically seen in megaloblastic anemias are
oval shaped
which organ is responsible for pitting RBCS
spleen
which antibody is associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
anti-p
Which red cell index values are associated with megaloblastic anemias
MCV 125, MCH 30, MCHC 34%
Sickle cell trait is achieved through
heterozygous inheritance of hemoglobin S
pernicious anemia is a subset of which of these anemias?
megaloblastic anemia
Individuals with a vitamin b12 defieciency will require
life long therapy
Which hemoglobin will show crystals appearing like bars of gold?
hemoglobin C disease