Chemistry: Bond Types, Electron Rules, and Molecular Formulas
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39 Terms
Octet Rule
Chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons (8) in its highest occupied energy level
Formula Unit
The simplest ratio of the crystal lattice solid
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the highest energy level
Covalent Bond
Nonmetal elements that share electrons to have a more stable noble gas
Electronegativity
Measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons
Ionic Bond
Attraction between atoms where the electrons are transferred from one atom to another (metal to nonmetal)
Cation
Metal atoms that gain or accept electrons; positive ion
Molecule
Neutral groups of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds
Polyatomic Ion
A group of covalently bonded non-metal elements that as a group gain or lose electrons
Anion
A negative ion
Molecular Formula
Shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound
Ions
Atoms that have gained or lost electrons to have a more stable noble gas configuration
Diatomic Molecule
A molecule consisting of two atoms
Electrolyte
A substance that conducts electrons
Metallic Bond
Attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding "sea of electrons"
Forms a crystal lattice structure, brittle
Ionic Bonding
Conducts electricity as a solid
Metallic Bonding
Alternating positive and negative particles
Ionic Bonding
Sharing electrons between two atoms
Covalent Bonding
Low melting and boiling points
Covalent Bonding
Malleable and ductile
Metallic Bonding
Conducts electricity when dissolved in water
Ionic Bonding
Attractive charges form by loss of gain of electrons
Ionic Bonding
Involved in molecules in network solids
Covalent Bonding
Does not usually conduct electricity
Covalent Bonding
Usually not soluble in water
Covalent Bonding
Becomes -ic
-ate
Becomes -ous
-ite
Ends in -ide
Prefix hydro-, suffix -ic acid
Bonds - 2, Lone Pairs 1 or 2
Bent
Bonds - 2, Lone Pairs 0
Linear
Bonds - 3, Lone Pairs - 0
Triagonal Planar
Bonds - 3, Lone Pairs 1
Triagonal Pyramidal
Bonds - 4, Lone Pairs 0
Tetrahedral
Linear
180
Triagonal Planar
120
Bent
105
Triagonal Pyramidal
107
Tetrahedral
109.5
Note 
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