Chapter 6 The Self

Self-Concept

A person's perception and description of themselves, which becomes more complex and abstract during adolescence.

Independent Self

A concept found in individualistic cultures, where self-reflection is emphasized, and self-esteem is promoted based on individual achievements.

Interdependent Self

A concept found in collectivistic cultures, where self-esteem is muted to maintain group harmony, and identity is defined by group roles.

Actual Self

The perception of oneself in the present moment.

Ideal Self

The person an individual aspires to be.

Feared Self

A potential version of oneself that a person fears becoming.

Self-Esteem

A person's overall sense of worth and well-being, which fluctuates during adolescence.

Baseline Self-Esteem

An enduring sense of self-worth that remains relatively stable over time.

Barometric Self-Esteem

A fluctuating sense of self-worth that changes based on daily experiences.

Domains of Self-Esteem

Different areas that contribute to overall self-esteem, including social acceptance, academic competence, physical appearance, and romantic appeal.

Erik Erikson

A developmental psychologist known for his theory on psychosocial development and identity formation.

Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Erikson’s adolescent stage where individuals form a stable identity or experience confusion about who they are.

Psychosocial Moratorium

A period during which young people delay adult responsibilities to explore different identities in love, work, and ideology.

Identity Diffusion

A state where an individual has neither explored nor committed to an identity.

Identity Moratorium

A state of active exploration without commitment to an identity.

Identity Foreclosure

A state where commitment is made without adequate exploration, often due to external pressures.

Identity Achievement

A state where an individual has explored various options and made a committed decision about their identity.

Ethnic Identity

An individual's sense of belonging to an ethnic group and the associated attitudes and values.

Bicultural Identity

A strong identification with both one's ethnic group and the majority culture.

Assimilated Identity

A preference for the majority culture over one's ethnic background.

Separated Identity

A rejection of the majority culture in favor of strong ethnic group identification.

Marginal Identity

Feeling disconnected from both one's ethnic group and the majority culture.

Alone Time

A period when adolescents spend time alone, which can aid mood regulation but excessive isolation can lead to loneliness and depression.

Social Loneliness

A lack of social connections and relationships

Emotional Loneliness

A feeling of insufficient closeness and intimacy in relationships.

Adolescent Emotionality

The increased emotional fluctuations experienced during adolescence due to biological, cognitive, and environmental factors."

Experience Sampling Method (ESM)

A research method where participants record their emotions and activities at random times to track mood changes."