chem unit 4 + final exam

work=

Fxd or PdeltaV

qsurroundings=

-qsystem

1 L x atm

101.3J

state function

only depends on current, not past properties of a system (total energy and enthalpy)

path functions

heat and work

delta h=

products-reactants

w>0 when

ideal gas compressed

mass of subatomic particles

mass: electron<proton<neutron

average atomic mass

weighted average mass of one atom of an element based on natural abundance of isotopes

average molar mass

the mass of one mole of a substance (6.022e23 particles)

de broglie equation

wavelength=h/mv

electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing frequency

radio<microwaves<infrared<visible<UV<x rays<gamma rays

photoelectric effect

photon has an energy based on frequency, increasing intensity increases number of electrons, not their energy