German II Unit 0

Made off of Hubbard's coursework

Gehen

To go

Lesen

To read

Lernen

To learn

Kochen

To cook

Kaufen

To shop

Fragen

To question

Stehen

To stand

Begrüßen

To greet

Schreiben

To write

Schlafen

To sleep

Essen

To eat

Fahren

To drive

Sitzen

To sit

Laufen

To run

Duschen

To shower

Zahlen

To pay

Putze

To clean

Hören

To hear

Rauchen

To smoke

Lachen

To smile

Rufen

To shout

Tragen

To carry

Waschen

To wash

Arbeiten

To work

Sehen

To see

Trinken

To drink

heißen

To name

Weinen

To cry

Sprechen

To speak

Spielen

To play

If a verb stem ends in -s, -ss, -ß, -z, or -tz, the second-person singular (du) present tense ending reverts to a

-t (the full ending -st is not used)

If a verb stem ends in -t or -d , an ___ is added before the conjugational ending in the second person singular and plural (du, ihr) and in the third-person singular (er, sie, es)

An -e is added

If the verb stem ends in -eln or -ern, the written and spoken versions of the present-tense conjufation of the first-person singular (ich) often differ.

Written: ich lachele vs Spoken: ich lachle

Two types of irregular verbs in present tense

1.) Those that make a vowel change in the stem of the infinitive (-e to -i or -ie) and 2.) Those that add an umlaut to the vowel in the stem of the infinitive (usually a or o and only make this change in the second and third person singular) (du hältst from halten)