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Autoreinfection
Reinfecting oneself
Buccal capsule
Oral cavity of the roundworms
Corticated
An outer albuminous (rough coating)
Cutaneous larval migrans
Migration of a hookworm larva under the skin of humans (creeping eruption)
Gravid
Pregnant female
Intermediate host
Species of animal that serves as host for only the larval or sexually immature stages of development
Infective stage
Parasite is capable of entering and continuing development within the host
Nematodes:
Definitive hosts(humans) have _
Intermediate hosts have _
Adult worms
Larvae only
Ascaris lumbricoides common name
Large intestinal roundworm
Trichurus trichiura common name
Whipworm
Enterobius vermicularis common name
Pinworm
N americanus common name
New world hookworm
Ancylostoma duodenale common name
Old world hookworm
Strongyloides stercoralis common name
Threadworm
Most common Helminth infection in the U.S
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms)
Pinworm transmission
Ingestion of eggs from contaminated fingers
Pinworm symptoms and diagnosis
Intense bum itchiness, abdominal pain, and vulva irritation
Eggs on scotchtape prep
Enterobius vermicularis shell
Enterobius vermicularis adult
Trichuris trichiura disease/infection
Whipworm infection
Trichuriasis characteristic symptom
Dirt craving pica
Third most common helminth disease in the U.S.
Trichuriasis
Symptoms of Trichuriasis
Bloody, mucous stool, weight loss, fatigue, heavy worm burden (500-5000), rectal prolapse
Trichuris Trichuris (whipworm) adult
Trichuris trichiura egg
One of the most common human intestinal roundworms in the world
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
Second most common helminth disease in humans
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
Ascaris lumbricoides symptoms
Asymptomatic or abd pain, diarrhea, hepatitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, some pulmonary symptoms
Ascaris lumbricoides diagnosis
Adult worms / eggs in feces, eosinophilia
Possible complications of Ascaris lumbricoides
Bowel obstruction, appendix obstruction, malabsorption, protein malnutrition
Ascaris lumbricoides egg
A. Fertilized Ascaris lumbricoides egg
B. Unfertilized Ascaris lumbricoides egg
Necator americanus (new world hookworm) transmission
larvae from contaminated soil directly penetrate human skin that spread to lungs that are coughed up then swallowed and mature in the intestine
Necator americanus diagnosis
Eggs in feces, worms in intestinal biopsy, buccal cavity cutting plates
Necator americanus eggs
Necator americanus (hookworm) adult
Ancylostoma duodenale morphology
Two pairs of teeth in buccal cavity
Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm) diagnosis
Rhabditiform larvae in fecal specimens
How are Strongyloides stercoralis differentiated from Necator and Ancylostoma?
Buccal cavity of stercoralis is shorter and they have prominent esophageal bulb
Strongyloides stercoralis egg
Strongyloides stercoralis rhabtditiform larva
Cutaneous larval migrans
Disease caused by the migration of larvae
Cutaneous larval migrans is usually seen in
The accidental host of a dog or cat hookworm
Trichinella spiralis transmission
Humans eat undercooked contaminated pork, deer, or bear
Symptoms of Trichinella spiralis
Abd pain, headache, diarrhea, joint pain, periorbital edema
Trichinella spiralis diagnosis
Extreme peripheral blood eosinophilia, muscle fiber biopsies, serology
Trichinella spiralis adult
Most common filarial infection
Wuchereria bancrofti
African eye worm
Loa loa
Wuchereria bancrofti transmission
Anopheles mosquito; larvae migrate through lymphatics
Wuchereria bancrofti symptoms
Headache, fever, obstructive lymphadenopathy, “elephantiasis”
Wuchereria bancrofti diagnosis
Microfilaria in blood or skin (sheathed microfilaria w no nuclei in the tail)
Wuchereria bancrofti adult
Loa loa infection
“Calabar swellings” in the eye
Loa loa diagnosis
Microfilariae in blood (sheathed w nuclei in the tail)
Loa loa adult
Onchocera volvulus symptoms
Nodules on the scalp
Onchocera volvulus diagnosis
Skin snips (no sheath, no nuclei in the tail)
Note 
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