Anatomy and Phisiology ch6 a-c notes

AT THE END OF THE QUESTION: .... = multiple words . ____ = 1 word ;number of ___ does NOT correlate with answer

Skull, vertebral column, rib cage, and sternum.

The axial skeleton consists of .....

Bones of the upper and lower limbs, the shoulders, and the hips.

The appendicular skeleton consists of ....

Longer, wide

Long bones are ____ than they are ____

Long

The ulna, radius, femur, and fibula are examples of ____ bones.

Wrist, ankle

Short bones consist of cube shaped bones of the ____ and ____

Short bones

Bones that form within tendons, such as the patella, are classified as ....

Thin, flattened, and slightly curved.

Flat bones are classified as...

Flat bones

The sternum, most skull bones, and the ribs are all types of ...

Complicated shapes

Irregular bones are bones with ....

Vertebra, hip bones, and scapula

Examples of irregular bones are ...

Support the body
Protection
Movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell formation

The 5 functions of bones are....

Muscles

The bones provide levers for _____ through the tendons.

Reservoirs, CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS

Bones are _____ for minerals, especially _____ and ______

Dense

Compact bone has ____ layers

Honeycomb

Spongy bones' anatomy is like ____ of trabeculae

Diaphysis and epiphysis

Long bones consist of a ____ and a ___

Compact

Diaphysis is made of ____ bone

Spongy

Epiphysis is made of ____ bone

Medullary cavity

The compact in the diaphysis surrounds a ....

Medullar cavities

Yellow bone marrow (fat) is contained in the ....

Ends, long bones

The epiphysis is expanded ____ of _____ bones.

Epiphyseal lineT

The ______ ____ separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis

Diaphysis, epiphysis

The epiphyseal line separates the ______ from the _____

Growth, cartilage

The epiphyseal line, also known as the ______ plate, starts as ____, then changes into bone

Superficial

Articular cartilage is on the (superficial/deep) part of the bone

Velcro

Sharpey's fibers are similar to ___

Double layered protective

The periosteum is a _____ _____ _____ membrane

Periosteum

The _____ is like a sleeve

Dense regular connective tissue

The outer fibrous layer of the periosteum is .......

Periosteum

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are located in the inner osteogenic layer of the ____

Internal surfaces

The endosteum covers the _____ ____ of bone

Diaphysis or epiphysis

Short, irregular, and flat bones have NO ....

Bone marrow, trabeculae

Short, irregular, and flat bones contain _____ _____ between the ____

More, less

Infants have ____ red marrow, while adults have ____ red marrow

1. Haversian/ Central canal
2. Volkmann's canal
3. Canaliculi
4. Lacuna

The "road" system of compact bone goes in this order: (4 systems)

Cavities, osteocytes

Lacunae are small ____ in bone that contain ____

Column, matrix

Lamellae are _____- like ____ tubes

Osteoblasts and osteocytes

The "makers" are ..

Osteoclasts

The breaker(s) are...

Growth hormone

During childhood, the epiphyseal plate activity is stimulated by ...

Masculinization and feminization

Testosterone and estrogen cause _____ and ______ of the skeleton.

Injured, strength

Bone deposition occurs where bone is ____ or added ____ is needed

Osteoclasts

Bone resorption is accomplished by

Lysosomal enzymes and acids

Resorption involves osteocast secretion of .....

Blasts

Calcitonin is osteo___

Clasts

PTH is osteo__

Displaced vs Nondisplaced

The position of the bone after the fracture:

Complete vs Incomplete

The completeness of the break:

Simple vs Compound

Whether or not the bone ends penetrate the skin

Displaced

This is a _____ fraction

OUT

Displaced fractures cause bones to be (in/out of) normal alignment.

IN

Nondisplaced fractures cause bones to be (in/out of) normal alignment.

ALL THE WAY

Complete fractures go (all the way/not all the way) all the way through the bone

NOT ALL THE WAY

Incomplete fractures go (all the way/ not all the way) through the bone

DO

Compound fractures (do/don't) penetrate the skin

DON'T

Simple fractures (do/don't) penetrate the skin

Shatters

Comminuted fractures are when the bone ______

Twisted

Spiral fractures are when the break in the bone is ____

Skull

Depressed fractures are when the bone portion is pressed inward, typical ____ fracture.

Falls

Compression fractures are when the bone is crushed, usually caused by __

Diaphysis

Epiphyseal fractures are when the epiphysis separates from the

Breaks, bends

Greenstick fractures are when one side of the bone ___, while the other side____

Rickets

_____ is a bone disease found in children

Bowed

Rickets causes _____ legs and deformities of the skull, pelvis, and rib cage

Poor diet

Rickets is causes by a ____ _____

Elderly

Osteoporosis is a bone disease which affects the ____

Resorption, deposit

With osteoporosis, bone _____ outpaces bone _____

Reduction

If a bone is displaces, it may need re-alignment, also known as ____

Nonsurgical, surgical

Reduction can be _______ "closed reduction" or ______ "open reduction"

Greenstick fractures

Which fracture is always incomplete?