cytoplasm

chemical signalling

binding of a chemical signal to a membrane receptors - initiation of cellular respiration

G-protein-linked receptor

indirectly cause cellular changes by activating G proteins

Cytoplasm

all cellular material between plasma membrane and nucleus

cytosol

gel like solution

inclusion

insoluble molecules

organelles

metabolic machinert structures

membranous organelles

mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes

non-membranous organelles

ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles

Cytoskeleton

series of flexible protein rods in the cytosol, supporting cellular structures and aiding in movement

Microvilli

finger like projections that increase the cell's surface area

Microfilaments

strengthens cell surface, helps to resist compression and aid in mobility

intermediate filaments

help resist pulling force

microtubules

determine the overall shape of a cell and the distribution of organelles

centrosome

region near nucleus that organizes microtubules and organize mitotic spindle during cell division

centrioles

small, barrel shaped organelles associated with centrism and form bases of cilia and flagellum

cillia

hair like projections of a cell that move in wave like motion

flagellum

A long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move

ribosomes

small, non-membranous granular organelles consisting of protein and ribosomal RNA - site of protein synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

extensive system of tubes and membranes enclosing fluid-filled cavities which extend through cytosol

Rough ER

ER that is dotted with ribosomes

Smooth ER

enzymes for lipid and glycogen metabolism

Golgi apparatus

series of stacked, flattened, membraneous sacs

secretory vesicles

contains proteins to be used outside of cell, fuse with plasma membrane

membrane vesicles

insert contents directly into the destination membrane

transport vesicles

contain digestive enzymes and remain in the cell

lysosomes

An organelle containing digestive enzymes

peroxisomes

membranous sacs containing enzymes used to break down hydrogen peroxide

Proteasomes

barrel-shaped structures that destroy unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production