eoc study guide #2

51-100

20th Amendment

Presidental inauguration and election

21st Amendment

You can drink

24th Amendment

No poll tax.

American Federation of Labor (AFL); Samuel Gompers

Was a large labor union regrouping several affiliated unions. Gompers founded the AFL and served as the organization’s president. Cigar-makers, shoe-makers, carpenters, and other crafts joined the AFL. Wanted secure shorter hours and higher pay. Did not admit women and mostly, affiliated unions did not admit African Americans.

Knights of Labor- Terrence Powderly

Union for both skilled and unskilled workers. Women, African Americans and farmers welcome. Wanted better pay, shorter work day, and safety. Did not want immigration, as immigrants steal jobs. In 1886, had 700,000 members. Did not like strikes; preferred arbitration (independent person deciding for the two sides). When they call a national strike, anarchists threw bombs and killed people. Public wrongly associated anarchist with them. Lost members after the Haymarket Riot and stopped existing.

Haymarket Riot

Nationwide strike for 8-hour workday. Striking workers clash with strike breakers in Chicago. Anarchists (mostly German) call for rally at Haymarket Square. Bomb thrown at police. Some police and strikers killed. Bomb thrown at police. Public associates Knights of Labor with anarchy and violence. Knights of labor union collapses.

The Homestead strike

Strike against one of Andrew Canegie’s steel mills. Carnegie pretended to be on workers’ side and used Henry Frick to deny demands. Frick locks them out of Homestead mill. Workers go on strike and surround mill with picket line. Will not led strikebreakers through. Frick calls Pinkerton detectives who battle strikers. In the end, state militia called in to reopen mill. Public sympathy with mill and against union

Pullman strike

George Pullman created company tow called Pullman