Rehab Audiology QS 1-7

What significant change in audiologic rehabilitation occurred following World War II?

The recognition of audiologic rehabilitation as separate from education for persons who are deaf

Which of the following statements accurately describes audiologic rehabilitation?

Audiologic rehabilitation follows a family-centered care process

According to Table 1.2, mild hearing loss in children is defined as ___ to ____ and mild hearing loss in adults is defined as ____ to ____. 

21-40; 26-40

The degree of loss corresponding to a 91+ dB loss is: 

Profound

Why should children have a different lower (better) limit for what is considered slight/mild hearing loss compared to adults? 

Hearing loss has more significant consequences for learning speech and language for children than adults

T/F: The profound hearing loss a child obtains at three years of age could accurately be described by the terms prelingual and congenital.  

False

Who was the first known teacher of the deaf?

Pedro Ponce de Leon

A child is diagnosed with a profound hearing loss at 6 months of age. Hospital records indicate that she did not pass her newborn hearing screen.  This child’s hearing loss could accurately be described as: 

Prelingual and congenital

What are the two main parts of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) system? 

Functioning/disability and contextual factors

Quality of life is influenced by:

Function, activity, and participation, but it is not determined by each of the above factors

At the time this article was published, what was the status of regeneration of auditory hair cells?

It had been achieved in mammals

Which of the following statements about deficits of function is FALSE?

We can fully restore audibility, spectral, and temporal characteristics of speech to its pre-loss state via sensory management

What is our primary approach towards addressing problems with participation and quality of life related to hearing loss?

Counseling with a focus on understanding the impact of hearing loss on everyday living

You have a patient who is complaining of problems listening in background noise. From the list of options below, which would be the least to most effective technology in dealing with his problem?

Digital noise reduction, directional microphone, wireless remote microphone

Which of those same options is the least convenient to most clients with hearing loss?

Wireless remote microphone

The most intense phoneme is about _____ times louder than the softest one. 

680

An example of a suprasegmental element of speech would be: 

Stress

Resonances in the vocal tract are reflected by _______ in the vocal output. 

Formants

The normal conversational speech level is around: 

45 dB HL

Which of the following statements is/are true concerning the acoustical properties of speech? 

A difference of about 40 dB typically exists between the average SPL of whispered and shouted speech; Suprasegmental aspects of speech are conveyed primarily by the low frequency components of speech; Most of the intensity associated with speech occurs in connection with the production of vowel phonemes.

The intensity range of speech is approximately 

40 dB

Certain consonants (/th/, /f/, /s/) are called high frequency consonants because 

Their concentration of energy is high in frequency

Which class of speech sounds are most important for determining the intelligibility of speech?  

Consonants

Vowels:

May usually be recognized if only the first 2 formant frequencies are present

Vowel recognition  

Is less accurate for vowels in isolation than for vowels in context

How can a listener tell the difference between a diphthong vs a monophthong?  

Diphthongs typically have a longer duration

What acoustic cue occurs when a vowel precedes or follows a consonant, resulting in a change in resonance?

Formant transition

Which of the following cues is effective for identifying a consonant as a nasal rather than an oral sound?

Weakening of intensity in the upper formants

Which class of consonant sounds have been studied the most often in speech science?

Stops

Why do the non-sibilant fricatives have reduced intensity (loudness) compared to the sibilant fricatives?

There is not a resonant cavity in front of the dental constrictions of the non-sibilants

A 2-year-old child will probably best respond with the following test format: 

Point to response, multiple choice

The ability to focus on the speaker and message is: 

Attention

What is the most complex aspect of auditory perception? 

Comprehension

T/F: Discrimination can be measured in a same different task while Identification can be measured with a picture pointing test. 

True

You are on a Zoom call and the other speaker’s internet drops out for a second.  You are able to guess the last few words of the speaker’s sentence.  This component of speech perception is called: 

Closure

The frequency range of human hearing is from _________ to ______. 

20-20,000 Hz

Which phoneme probably would be the most difficult to hear for a person with a high frequency hearing loss? 

/f/

T/F: Perception of vowels is generally not affected in persons with severe-profound hearing loss.   

False

For people with hearing loss, where do errors occur most often? 

Place of Articulation

T/F: In general the consonant sounds are louder than the vowel sounds. 

False

Correct recognition of /sh/ is related to hearing sensitivity in what frequency range? 

1000-2000 Hz

Stelmachowicz and colleagues demonstrated that even with consistent use of appropriately fit hearing aids, individuals with hearing loss may still have difficulty perceiving: 

High frequency phonemes

Redundancy is present when 

words are lost to the listener without significant loss of information

Being able to predict the missing word in the sentence “He _____ the cart into the room” is an example of: 

Semantic constraints

T/F: Vowel perception contributes more than consonant perception toward the overall intelligibility and perception of conversational speech. 

False

Prior to World War II, the primary focus of auditory training was on: 

Children who were deaf

T/F: Current evidence suggests that adults with hearing aids or cochlear implants can benefit from auditory training.

True

The first objective in Carhart’s approach to auditory training is development of awareness of sound.  This involves: 

Acknowledging the importance of sound in one’s environment; detecting the presence or absence of sound

At the earliest stages of auditory training in infants, what should be the primary goal of the AR team? 

Ensuring that the child is wearing amplification and the amplification is fit properly

You are seeing a child with thresholds within normal limits below 1000 Hz and no residual hearing above 1000 Hz.  Which of the Ling sounds should he be able to detect? 

/m/, /a/, /i/, /u/

Which of the following is an example of a parent-report questionnaire? 

PEACH

Which factor is most important to consider when selecting a pediatric speech perception measure? 

current language level

T/F: Most elderly persons with mid and high frequency, presbycusic hearing loss are more likely to have difficulty hearing children’s voices than adult voices. 

True

Why is the California Consonant Test commonly used with adult patients? 

It is highly sensitive to the difficulties experienced by people with a sloping hearing loss

What makes the SPIN test unique among adult speech perception measures? 

It includes both high and low predictability sentences

The CID Everyday Speech Sentences tests a listener’s ability to: 

Perceive connected discourse

Which of the following methods of auditory training emphasizes a “bottom-up” approach? 

Analytic

Which auditory training approach can be described as a “conversation-like” therapy strategy? 

Pragmatic

Synthetic auditory training is characterized by 

A top-down approach to auditory skill development

T/F: GASP is a self-instructional approach to teaching speechreading. 

False

A patient with realistic expectations regarding his/her hearing aids understands that: 

Hearing aids may not help in every communication setting

Telecoils:

work on the principle of electromagnetic induction

The main components of all electronic hearing aids include: 

microphone, receiver, power supply, acoustic coupler

The main difference between analog and digital hearing aids is: 

how the sound is processed

The term “Dynamic Range” refers to: 

the range of usable hearing, defined by the softest sounds an individual can hear and the loudest sounds he/she can tolerate

Gain is defined by the formula: 

output – input = gain

The following are common types of earmolds: 

shell, skeleton, canal

According to your text regarding Hearing Assistive Technology, all of the following are examples of the different categories of Assistive Devices except: 

Hearing Aids

Binaural amplification for a person with a bilateral hearing loss is a more desirable option than a monaural fit because:

Speech perception is optimized when in difficult listening settings; Sound localization is enhanced; Hearing is more natural and balanced

The speaker component in a hearing aid is also referred to as a(n): 

Receiver

The Count the Dot audiogram or Speech Intelligibility Index is used: 

to estimate the percentage of speech that is audible

What is the term use to describe the perception that one’s own voice is excessively loud when wearing hearing aids? 

Occlusion effect

Evidence-based practice indicates that hearing aid verification must include: 

Real-ear measures

Hearing aid validation will often involve: 

Speech perception testing in quiet and noise

What is a good rule of thumb when choosing the style of hearing aid for a patient? 

An increase in size results in an increase in fitting range

Which of the following variables was not significant predictors of daily hearing aid use time, per parent report?

Sex

What age group had the least challenges in achieving consistent hearing aid use?

7-8 year olds

What was the least frequent challenge in getting school-age children to wear hearing aids, according to parents?

Equipment issues

What do the results of this study tell us about the relationship between parent report of hearing aid use and data logging tell us?

As parent report of daily hearing aid use decreases, data logging hours decrease.

What variable predicted the amount of time difference between data logging and parent report of hearing aid?

Age of child

Which of these groups will likely receive little benefit from hearing aids? Children with…

Severe-profound bilateral hearing loss

Why might a teenager choose to use an open-fit BTE or receiver-in-the-ear device?

To reduce the occlusion effect

You are an SLP working with an 8 month old who has worn hearing aids for several months. At your most recent visit you notice a squealing sound coming from the child’s hearing aids. What should you first do?

Check that the earmold is tightly fit in the pinna

T/F: Although premium level hearing technology costs more than basic level technology, the significant improvement in performance for children with the premium level devices outweighs the financial burden to parents, especially since most states have passed legislation requiring insurance to cover hearing aids.

False

How long do hearing aids typically last for children?

3-5 years

The Speech Intelligibility Index is used to:

Estimate the proportion of the long-term average speech spectrum that is audible

Infants and toddlers may need to get new earmolds as often as:

Every 3 months

What option is available to audiologists to ensure that the hearing aid is making sounds audible when a child will not sit still for hearing aid verification measures with a probe microphone:

Measure the child’s ear canal acoustics and check the hearing aid in a test box

When is it acceptable to use aided thresholds/functional gain to verify audibility?

Individuals with cochlear implants; Individuals with bone-conduction devices

T/F: Hearing aid verification is how audiologists ensure that hearing aids provide audibility for speech.

True

The provision of services to school-aged children who are Deaf/hard of hearing typically includes the following: 

Providing specialized services to the child 2-3 times per week either inside or outside the general education classroom; Allowing the child to attend a center-based program for DHH outside their local school district; Inclusion (mainstreaming) of the child into the general education classroom

According to your text, this term is no longer used to describes a child with hearing loss: 

Hearing impaired

The impact of a profound congenital hearing loss on language development may result in an 18 month old with a spoken vocabulary of:  

0 words

The term deaf (lower case d) is synonymous with: 

profound bilateral hearing loss

Children who have a hearing loss in one ear (unilateral) are _______ likely to fail a grade by age 10 compared to normal-hearing children with normal hearing. 

10 times more

IDEA stands for __________ and is the current version of a law passed in 1975 called the ______________. 

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Education for All Handicapped Children Act

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) is often considered synonymous with: 

residential school education/mainstreaming

All but one of the following factors are of paramount importance when determining the LRE for a child who is Deaf/hard of hearing: 

Severity of loss

Why would it be unethical to do a randomized controlled trial for remote microphone systems in children with hearing loss?

Children who could benefit from the intervention could end up in the control arm

True or False: Propensity score matching is another name for a randomized controlled trial.

False