Honors Chemistry unit 4

alkali metals

highly reactive metals with only one valence electron. , Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver, shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

alkali earth metals

less reactive than alkali metals, harder with 2 valence electrons, an elemnet in group 2, harder, higher melting point, and denser than alkali metals. Reactive, but less than corresponding alkali metal

anion

a negitively charged ion or group of atoms.

atomic radius

one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

cation

a positively charged ion

electronegivity

The measure of the attraction that an atom has for the electrons orbiting about its nucleus.

group (family)

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table

halogen

an element found in group 17 of the periodic table

inner transition metal

An element in the lanthanide or actinide series

ion

a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative)

ionic radius

Distance from the center of an ion's nucleus to its outermost electron

transition metal

An Element in group 3 through 12 of the periodic table

ionization energy

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

metal

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

metalloid

an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals

noble gas

any of the chemically inert gaseous elements of the helium group in the periodic table

nonmetal

a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties

octet rule

States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons

oxidation number

the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule

period

a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table