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List causes of the Cold War. (Why were the United States and Soviet Union in conflict with each other?)
a. They didn't trust each other
b. Different political systems (democracy vs communism)
c. different economic system (capitalism vs communism)
d. Competing for global power and influence
What is the United Nations?
a new organization to promote world peace
Who are the 5 permanent members of the United Nations?
US, Russia, GB, France, China
4. What was the first conflict that the United Nations sent military personnel to fight in?
Israel
What is NATO?
alliance to defend & protect each other from the USSR
Why was NATO formed
After the crisis in Berlin, many countries were concerned about growing Soviet influence
Define Warsaw Pact
the Soviet Union & the Eastern European nations it controlled became an alliance
Who was part of the Warsaw Pact
Soviet and Eastern European
How did the threat of communism make American citizens feel
Scared
Define containment
the policy of containing communism or keeping communism from spreading
Who had the foreign policy of containment?
US
What was the iron curtain?
in Europe dividing Democracy in Western Europe from Communism in Eastern Europe
What were satellite nations
Communists
What is the Cold War
the struggle between the USA & USSR for global power
Who participated in the Cold War?
USA & USSR
Describe the Red Scare
Intensified fears of Communism & Communists
Why did the Red Scare increase after World War2
Because of the growth of communist
What is the nuclear arms race
between the USSR and the US
When did the nuclear arms race begin?
1953
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
Karl Marx
Define Brinkmanship
a strategy where the US was willing to go to the very brink of nuclear war to oppose communist expansion
What is Sputnik?
first artificial satellite sent into orbit by the Soviets (1957)
What did Americans think of Sputnik?
US feared the Soviet military could use the satellites against the US
What did Sputnik lead to?
First to go to space
Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
convicted of passing secret atomic weapons information to the Soviets & were executed for spying
What happened to them?
executed
What was the Berlin Airlift?
US began to fly food, fuel, & other goods into Berlin
Why did the Berlin Airlift happen?
Blocked all highway & rail traffic to stop all supplies coming from Europe into West Berlin
Was the Berlin Airlift successful?
Yes
What is the 38th parallel?
which tried to keep the peace & prevent communism from spreading
Why did the US support the creation of Israel?
Because they were democrat
Why did the US support the creation of West Germany & East Germany?
Cuz West
Why did the US support the creation of South Korea & North Korea?
South would be a democracy
Why did the US support the creation of South Vietnam and North Vietnam?
Bc they were democracy
Who became the communist leader in Cuba?
Fidel Castro
Why did we support the Bay of Pigs invasion?
Cubans
Was the Bay of Pigs invasion successful?
yes
Who wanted to put missiles on Cuba?
Soviet
What did the US do to stop the missiles from being placed on Cuba?
Blockade Cuba by surrounding it with naval ships to prevent Soviet ships from approaching Cuba
What did the US and the USSR agree to after the Cuban Missile Crisis was over?
The Soviets removed the missiles from Cuba. The US promised not to invade Cuba & we removed missiles from Turkey & Italy
define Cuban Missile Crisis
a military crisis that almost led to nuclear war between the US & the Soviets
What was the purpose of the Berlin Wall?
28 mile barrier of barbed wire & cement with soldiers posted to kill anyone who tried to escape
Who built the Berlin Wall
Soviets
Was West Berlin communist or a democracy
democracy
Who was elected President in 1960
JFK
hat happened to him in 1963? Who did it?
While driving in a convertible limo through the streets of Dallas, Texas, President Kennedy was shot & killed by an assassin
Who is Ho Chi Minh
A communist in North Vietnam
What is the 26th Amendment?
lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
Who were the Vietcong?
communist guerrilla forces funded & supplied by North Vietnam & fighting to overthrow the government in South Vietnam
Who was Charlie?
A nickname for the vietcong
. Define doves.
people calling for US withdrawal from Vietnam (dove symbolizes peace)
Define hawks
. members of Congress that supported the war (hawk symbolizes warlike opinions)
Describe the average US soldier in Vietnam.
19 yrs old, most were drafted, most from minority groups, and most were poor.
What is deferment?
College students (most white, middle & upper class)earned draft releases called deferments
What is the Ho Chi Minh trail?
a network of paths, small roads, & tunnels that led from North Vietnam through Laos, Cambodia, & South Vietnam
How did the US try to destroy the Ho Chi Minh Trail?
By destroying the trail
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